Question

我有一个由用户名和密码组成的文本文件，用逗号分隔，我需要将其转换为这样的字典：

userData = [{'username': 'something@test.com', 'password': 'test123'},
            {'username': 'somethingelse@test.com', 'password': 'test1234'},
            {'username': 'somethingmore@test.com', 'password': 'test123'},
            ]

该文件如下所示：

something@test.com,test123
somethingelse@test.com,test1234
somethingmore@test.com,test123

我尝试了以下操作，但它只返回文本文件的最后一行，所以我假设每行都会覆盖字典。

file = open('username.txt', 'r')
userData = {}
userData['username'] = ''
userData['password'] = ''

for line in file:
   x = line.split(',')
   un = x[0]
   pw = x[1]
   userData['username']=un
   userData['password']=pw

我该怎么做才能获得正确的输出？

Answer 1

您需要一个词典列表，但您只需创建一个每次进行for循环时都要修改的词典。您必须为每一行创建另一个字典并将其存储在列表中试试这个：

file = open('username.txt', 'r')
userDataList = []

for line in file:
   x = line.split(',')
   userData = {}
   userData['username'] = x[0]
   userData['password'] = x[1]
   userDataList.append(userData)

Answer 2

这应该有效：

file = open('username.txt', 'r')
userData = {}

for line in file:
   x = line.split(',')
   userData[x[0]] = x[1]

在原始代码中，您实际上并没有改变字典，只是一个用户名和密码。

编辑：我误解了这个问题。我将每个用户名存储为密钥，将每个密码存储为值。

Answer 3

在DictReader模块中使用csv：

import csv

with open('usernames.txt') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile,
                            fieldnames=['username', 'password'])
    users = list(reader)

例如：

>>> import csv
>>> import pprint
>>> from StringIO import StringIO

>>> content = """something@test.com,test123
... somethingelse@test.com,test1234
... somethingmore@test.com,test123"""

>>> usernames = StringIO(content)
>>> pprint(list(csv.DictReader(usernames,
...                            fieldnames=['username', 'password'])))
[OrderedDict([('username', 'something@test.com'), ('password', 'test123')]),
 OrderedDict([('username', 'somethingelse@test.com'),
              ('password', 'test1234')]),
 OrderedDict([('username', 'somethingmore@test.com'), ('password', 'test123')])]

Answer 4

看起来你真正想做的是创建一个字典对象列表。我使用csv模块来读取数据，因为文件的内容似乎是字符分隔值的内容。

import csv
import sys

def open_csv(filename, mode='r'):
    """Open a csv file in proper mode depending on Python verion."""
    return(open(filename, mode=mode+'b') if sys.version_info[0] == 2 else
           open(filename, mode=mode, newline=''))

def read_data(filename, fieldnames):
    with open_csv(filename, mode='r') as file:
        for row in csv.DictReader(file, fieldnames=fieldnames):
            yield row

fieldnames = 'username password'.split()
user_data = [row for row in read_data('username.txt', fieldnames)]

print(user_data)

输出：

[{'username': 'something@test.com', 'password': 'test123'}, {'username': 'somethingelse@test.com', 'password': 'test1234'}, {'username': 'somethingmore@test.com', 'password': 'test123'}]

如何从给定的txt文件创建字典？

4 个答案: