我有这个脚本用Python和lxml清理SVG文件。它删除了不可见的元素，并尝试来解决一些选定的命名空间问题：
from lxml import etree
path = '/image.svg'
svg_xml = open(path, 'r').read()
# resolve problematic namespace issues
# remove specific and undefined Illustrator tags
if '<i:pgf></i:pgf>' in svg_xml:
svg_xml = svg_xml.replace('<i:pgf></i:pgf>', '')
# make sure the xmlns:xlink URL is correct
if 'xmlns:xlink' in svg_xml:
parts = svg_xml.split('xmlns:xlink', 1)
svg_xml = parts[0] + 'xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"' + parts[1].split('"', 1)[1].split('"', 1)[1]
# iterate over tree and remove invisible elements
tree = etree.fromstring(svg_xml)
for action, el in etree.iterwalk(tree):
style = el.attrib.get('style', '').replace(' ', '').replace(' ', '')+';'
if 'display:none;' in style or 'visibility:hidden;' in style or 'opacity:0;' in style or el.attrib.get('display', None) == 'none' or el.attrib.get('visibility', None) == 'hidden' or el.attrib.get('opacity', None) == '0':
el.clear()
# remove any external namespace attributes on elements
for k, v in el.attrib.items():
if '{' in k: del el.attrib[k]
# output cleaned SVG XML
with open(path+'_out.svg', 'w') as f:
f.write(etree.tostring(tree, xml_declaration=True, encoding="utf-8")
我遇到的问题是，存在许多不同的命名空间变体和问题，如脚本中所示，选择性方法是无意义的。但是，如果名称空间不正确（例如，无效的命名空间URL），则lxml无法解析输入的SVG文件。
有没有办法让lxml忽略除SVG名称空间本身之外的任何其他名称空间？应使用输出删除所有包含的外部命名空间标记和属性。
我尝试使用Scour：https://github.com/scour-project/scour 但无济于事，因为Scour也无法解析这样的SVG文件。
可能是正则表达式？可能不是 - 因为XML非常复杂且不可靠，它的确切符号......是否有任何lxml内部工具或参数？
以下是无效SVG XML的示例：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<svg s:docbase="/home/bersace/Pictures/Scoutisme" s:docname="B ret.svg" s:version="0.32" viewBox="0 0 556.25 256.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<s:namedview/>
<path d="m435,80.89286c18.20859,3.73299 50.13173,12.65638 67.14286,20.71428 13.57142,6.42857 42.83766,41.17202-5.00001,77.14286-89.8841,67.58704-232.05431,64.80578-412.14285,36.42857-22.83085-3.59754-85.16064-33.91067-75.71429-49.28572 80.89918-131.67281 271.9943-116.51449 425.71429-84.99999z" fill-rule="evenodd" opacity=".25" s:nodetypes="csssss"/>
<path d="m13.4699,166.18218c28.75961,64.7995 429.79079,100.72443 480.68709-36.74779 2.06237-54.19359 2.91595-55.01937-9.4262-70.58465-9.03852-11.39891-24.13396-41.15211-242.82689-53.95408-178.78679,37.78592-211.02246,52.34426-234.76105,97.77919-.81311,27.05037-.67803,42.074 6.32705,63.50732z" fill="#070862" fill-rule="evenodd" s:nodetypes="ccsccc"/>
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<path d="m233.47867,18.74973c-.46561-3.08113 3.68712-6.56396 13.06927-4.73874-15.26558,5.70995-19.4256,34.47406-1.17011,31.44565-.44475,2.10605-10.47125.86606-13.91421-.82491-2.0126-3.14077 1.38703-14.58719 2.01505-25.88201zm5.1118-12.49736c-101.50445,19.59281-206.83592,38.60533-230.15199,97.10613-2.0203,15.90441 3.74078,58.01244 12.51285,63.86709-38.25658-130.05695 86.15193-114.47802 217.63914-160.97322z" fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" opacity=".5" s:nodetypes="ccccccccc"/>
<g transform="translate(-22.9797,-245.7773)">
<g id="g38115" transform="matrix(.70393,.16575,-.16671,.70801,133.288,-21.83065)">
<path d="m477.30206,493.23765-6.75178,17.82766-15.57729,6.28712 13.71989,10.36034-.53699,17.39822 16.39784-11.75435 18.00625,4.30619-5.84229-15.48704 9.3433-16.80939-17.55949,1.71595-11.19944-13.8447z" fill="#b9b9b9" fill-rule="evenodd" s:nodetypes="ccccccccccc"/>
<path d="m481.12834,519.01287-10.12694-7.58004 1.87984-5.33635 8.2471,12.91639zm-3.69907-24.4987-2.66818,6.36723 6.42789,17.82826-3.75971-24.19549zm3.82034,4.60866 4.72995,5.51827-4.3661,13.88664-.36385-19.40491zm6.97364,8.36837-6.3066,11.09717 12.00679-11.58229-5.70019.48512zm10.67269-.84897-16.61544,12.30999 22.92205-13.03767-6.30661.72768zm3.65778,4.49929c-.24256.6064-20.21258,8.17454-20.21258,8.17454l16.49081-1.73997 3.72177-6.43457zm-6.3066,10.98669-13.48151-2.69087 15.45064,7.94464-1.96913-5.25377zm-13.7847-2.38767 16.91865,11.21847 2.54689,6.12467-19.46554-17.34314zm-.12128.36385 13.60612,15.58792-6.08672-1.64065-7.5194-13.94727zm-.18192.24255 2.18305,12.37063-5.82147,4.30548 3.63842-16.67611zm-.1516.18193c-1.09152,1.33409-7.671,19.52619-7.671,19.52619l-5.63955,4.00226 13.31055-23.52845zm-.75801.06064-12.44392,17.8863 .25521-6.304 12.18871-11.5823zm-.27288-.39416-11.89647,7.0806-5.09412-3.77444 16.99059-3.30616zm-.15159-.48512-24.74127-2.3953 4.67793,3.65009 20.06334-1.25479zm.15159-.33353-19.5498-4.08224 5.39029-2.06178 14.15951,6.14402z" fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" s:nodetypes="cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc"/>
</g>
<use height="1052.3622" transform="matrix(.90926,-.41622,.41622,.90926,-297.7042,208.1211)" width="744.09448" xlink:href="#g38115"/>
</g>
<g transform="translate(5.25997,47.6715)">
<path d="m241.04605,107.8314c24.25866,4.26598 51.93743-1.59371 77.85714-1.42857 1.46124,19.59676 7.23509,45.97447.71429,64.28572-21.57443,4.78399-50.71875,3.24306-74.28571,3.57143 .87109-21.94635-.9516-44.82805-4.28572-66.42858z" fill="#00016c" fill-rule="evenodd" s:nodetypes="ccccc"/>
<path d="m281.04604,112.1171c34.82717-2.22788 46.44207,56.16844 5,58.57143-41.68623,2.41714-39.7009-56.34355-5-58.57143z" fill="#023899" fill-rule="evenodd" s:nodetypes="czz" stroke="#a11616" stroke-width="4"/>
<path d="m272.75904,126.82348c3.06049-4.46123 9.33046-9.65252 19.9163-1.41589 1.687-1.27382 6.87603-2.21719 9.14887-2.72227-.0276,3.47152-1.47516,6.99142-3.41975,10.08666 .25439,1.12734 4.07589,3.57654 4.14847,4.86439-.81914,1.54313-1.17594,1.43689-2.06881,4.91567 .93909-.01085 1.23508.18625 1.90532.19752 .56885.31192-.47249,5.23386-.15984,4.9698 .3715-.23463-2.20399.78806-2.50307.92392-.04069.0317 1.60307.67562 1.87848.96484 .13959.44222-1.39805,4.98134-1.67761,5.10936 .25668.20685-1.05701-.56466-2.55979-.02405 .77297.23524 1.82785,1.17471 1.85848,1.47926 .00908,1.1814-2.3771,3.46833-3.75885,6.00804 0,0-.06444-1.24936-.91143-1.89153-.00774,1.57867-7.21994,8.05356-8.9608,7.95412-1.46678-.08378-9.97361-4.29877-10.75465-6.78522-.34599.84273-.52289.6486-.36828,1.75051-.38583-.24304-3.80832-2.6843-4.06419-3.58841-.36033.1907.73437-2.39947.52619-3.12779-.87638,1.70195-1.59672,2.05233-1.95273,1.90746-.83333-1.39881-1.44397-2.60192-2.81302-4.44716 .55779-1.19047 1.41083-.73572 1.58037-2.37262-1.01353.37289-1.67741.61717-2.4348.77813-.80357-1.0119-.44542-5.14337-.78227-7.51222 .63518-.84515 1.70798.57015 2.42862-.50172-1.89559-1.97631-1.72953-3.09504-2.3499-4.5929 .37686-.44924 3.27154-1.89462 3.19102-3.01856-2.38095-3.33333-4.21857-8.09785-4.75428-12.02642 2.38095.20833 6.7824-.85703 9.71195,2.11708zm16.35073,14.66785c.91371.21086 5.33127-1.88173 5.77556-2.91841 .27-.62998-2.38715-2.0617-3.4433-1.45024-1.20576.69807-2.96617,4.22236-2.33226,4.36865zm-15.80094-1.74423c.42262.91568 5.33381,2.49133 6.32211,2.09953 .91802-.36394-2.30058-3.54426-3.46869-4.01151-1.21284-.48514-3.14509,1.28004-2.85342,1.91198zm7.95197,18.66963c0,0 1.82828,2.06789 2.3965.80519 .32047-.71214-2.27023-.86832-2.3965-.80519zm8.64682-.39436c0,0-.95825,1.92926-1.45209,1.07328-.94703-1.64149 1.38896-1.13642 1.45209-1.07328z" fill="#a11616" fill-rule="evenodd" s:nodetypes="ccccccccccccscccccccsccccssccssccsccsc"/>
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</svg>
更新
这是一个可行的解决方案，但可能不是最好的方法：
namespace_pattern = re.compile(r' xmlns:((?!xlink)\w+)="[^"]*"', re.S | re.I)
doctype_pattern = re.compile(r'<!DOCTYPE[^>[]*(\[[^]]*\])?>', re.S | re.I)
svg_xml = open(path, 'r').read().replace(' xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"', '')
svg_xml = re.sub(namespace_pattern, ' xmlns:\\1="http://ns\\1"', svg_xml)
if 'xmlns:xlink' in svg_xml:
parts = svg_xml.split('xmlns:xlink', 1)
svg_xml = parts[0] + 'xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"' + parts[1].split('"', 1)[1].split('"', 1)[1]
if '<i:pgf></i:pgf>' in svg_xml:
svg_xml = svg_xml.replace('<i:pgf></i:pgf>', '')
if '<!DOCTYPE ' in svg_xml:
svg_xml = re.sub(doctype_pattern, '', svg_xml)
tree = etree.fromstring(svg_xml)
for action, el in etree.iterwalk(tree):
for k, v in el.attrib.items():
if '{' in k and not '/xlink' in k: del el.attrib[k]
if not '/svg' in el.tag:
el.getparent().remove(el)
style = el.attrib.get('style', '').replace(' ', '').replace(' ', '')+';'
if 'display:none;' in style or 'visibility:hidden;' in style or 'opacity:0;' in style or el.attrib.get('display', None) == 'none' or el.attrib.get('visibility', None) == 'hidden' or el.attrib.get('opacity', None) == '0':
el.getparent().remove(el)
with open(path+'_out.svg', 'w') as f:
f.write(re.sub(namespace_pattern, '', etree.tostring(tree, xml_declaration=True, encoding="utf-8")))