Question

我有这些表和值：

create table Instrument (
  instrumentnaam       varchar(14)          not null,
  toonhoogte           varchar(7)           not null
)

INSERT INTO instrument VALUES ('piano',    ''       );
INSERT INTO instrument VALUES ('fluit',    ''       );
INSERT INTO instrument VALUES ('fluit',    'alt'    );
INSERT INTO instrument VALUES ('saxofoon', 'alt'    );
INSERT INTO instrument VALUES ('saxofoon', 'tenor'  );
INSERT INTO instrument VALUES ('saxofoon', 'sopraan');
INSERT INTO instrument VALUES ('gitaar',   ''       );
INSERT INTO instrument VALUES ('viool',    ''       );
INSERT INTO instrument VALUES ('viool',    'alt'    );
INSERT INTO instrument VALUES ('drums',    ''       );

create table Bezettingsregel (
   stuknr               numeric(5)           not null,
   instrumentnaam       varchar(14)          not null,
   toonhoogte           varchar(7)           not null,
   aantal               numeric(2)           not null
)

INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES ( 2, 'drums',    '',      1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES ( 2, 'saxofoon', 'alt',   2);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES ( 2, 'saxofoon', 'tenor', 1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES ( 2, 'piano',    '',      1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES ( 3, 'fluit',    '',      1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES ( 5, 'fluit',    '',      3);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES ( 9, 'fluit',    '',      1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES ( 9, 'fluit',    'alt',   1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES ( 9, 'piano',    '',      1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES (12, 'piano',    '',      1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES (12, 'fluit',    '',      2);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES (13, 'drums',    '',      1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES (13, 'saxofoon', 'alt',   1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES (13, 'saxofoon', 'tenor', 1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES (13, 'fluit',    '',      2);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES (14, 'piano',    '',      1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES (14, 'fluit',    '',      1);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES (15, 'saxofoon', 'alt',   2);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES (15, 'fluit',    'alt',   2);
INSERT INTO bezettingsregel VALUES (15, 'piano',    '',      1);

create table Stuk (
   stuknr               numeric(5)           not null,
   componistId          numeric(4)           not null,
   titel                varchar(20)          not null,
   stuknrOrigineel      numeric(5)           null,
   genrenaam            varchar(10)          not null,
   niveaucode           char(1)              null,
   speelduur            numeric(3,1)         null,
   jaartal              numeric(4)           not null
)

INSERT INTO stuk VALUES ( 1,  1, 'Blue bird',       NULL, 'jazz',     NULL, 4.5,  1954);
INSERT INTO stuk VALUES ( 2,  2, 'Blue bird',       1,    'jazz',     'B',  4,    1988);
INSERT INTO stuk VALUES ( 3,  4, 'Air pur charmer', NULL, 'klassiek', 'B',  4.5,  1953);
INSERT INTO stuk VALUES ( 5,  5, 'Lina',            NULL, 'klassiek', 'B',  5,    1979);
INSERT INTO stuk VALUES ( 8,  8, 'Berceuse',        NULL, 'klassiek', NULL, 4,    1786);
INSERT INTO stuk VALUES ( 9,  2, 'Cradle song',     8,    'klassiek', 'B',  3.5,  1990);
INSERT INTO stuk VALUES (10,  8, 'Non piu andrai',  NULL, 'klassiek', NULL, NULL, 1791);
INSERT INTO stuk VALUES (12,  9, 'I''ll never go',  10,   'pop',      'A',  6,    1996);
INSERT INTO stuk VALUES (13, 10, 'Swinging Lina',   5,    'jazz',     'B',  8,    1997);
INSERT INTO stuk VALUES (14,  5, 'Little Lina',     5,    'klassiek', 'A',  4.3,  1998);
INSERT INTO stuk VALUES (15, 10, 'Blue sky',        1,    'jazz',     'A',  4,    1998);

现在我想写一个查询，显示在'klassiek'类型中使用的乐器，但不是在'jazz'类型中。我需要在不使用EXCEPT

的情况下执行此操作

这是我的尝试：

SELECT i.instrumentnaam
FROM instrument i inner join 
bezettingsregel b on i.instrumentnaam = b.instrumentnaam 
inner join stuk s on b.stuknr = s.stuknr
WHERE genrenaam = 'klassiek'
AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT stuknr
                  FROM stuk
                  WHERE genrenaam = 'jazz'
                 )

我无法理解。 Thanx寻求帮助！

Answer 1

我会使用group by和having。这是一种方法：

SELECT b.instrumentnaam
FROM bezettingsregel b inner join
     stuk s
     on b.stuknr = s.stuknr
WHERE s.genrenaam IN ('klassiek', 'jazz')
GROUP BY b.instrumentnaam
HAVING MAX(s.genrenaam) = 'klassiek' AND MIN(s.genrenaam) = 'klassiek';

注意：您不需要Instrument，因为您的名字位于bezettingsregel。

Answer 2

相比之下，Gordon Linoff（+1）的答案要简单得多，但这里是你如何使用false做你想做的事情：

not exists()

以下是select distinct b.instrumentnaam from bezettingsregel b inner join stuk s on b.stuknr = s.stuknr where s.genrenaam = 'klassiek' and not exists ( select 1 from stuk nes inner join bezettingsregel neb on neb.stuknr = nes.stuknr where nes.genrenaam = 'jazz' and neb.instrumentnaam = b.instrumentnaam )

的方法

instrumentnaam not in()

rextester演示：http://rextester.com/YGJEJ76277

查询不使用除外

2 个答案: