我在以下项目结构上尝试了@JdbcTest。
.
├── pom.xml
└── src
├── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── com
│ │ └── example
│ │ ├── Application.java
│ │ ├── repository
│ │ │ └── DemoRepository.java
│ │ └── service
│ │ └── DemoService.java
│ └── resources
│ └── application.properties
└── test
└── java
└── com
└── example
├── ApplicationTests.java
└── repository
└── DemoRepositoryTests.java
DemoRepository.java（测试目标）
package com.example.repository;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcOperations;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class DemoRepository {
private final JdbcOperations jdbcOperations;
DemoRepository(JdbcOperations jdbcOperations) {
this.jdbcOperations = jdbcOperations;
}
public int findNumber() {
return jdbcOperations.queryForObject("SELECT 1",int.class);
}
}
DemoRepositoryTests.java（测试类）
package com.example.repository;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTest;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@JdbcTest
@Import(DemoRepository.class)
public class DemoRepositoryTests {
@Autowired
private DemoRepository repository;
@Test
public void findNumber() {
Assertions.assertThat(repository.findNumber()).isEqualTo(1);
}
}
Application.java（注释类@SpringBootApplication）
package com.example;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import com.example.service.DemoService;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
@Bean
public CommandLineRunner demo(DemoService service) {
return args -> System.out.println("Number:" + service.findNumber());
}
}
我已经DemoRepositoryTests了。然后发生以下错误。
Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the auto-configuration report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2017-03-10 23:55:44.092 ERROR 9375 --- [ main] o.s.b.d.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter :
***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************
Description:
Parameter 0 of method demo in com.example.Application required a bean of type 'com.example.service.DemoService' that could not be found.
Action:
Consider defining a bean of type 'com.example.service.DemoService' in your configuration.
2017-03-10 23:55:44.100 ERROR 9375 --- [ main] o.s.test.context.TestContextManager : Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@1442d7b5] to prepare test instance [com.example.repository.DemoRepositoryTests@3c0a50da]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124) ~[spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83) ~[spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:47) ~[spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:1.5.2.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230) ~[spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228) [spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287) [spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) [spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247) [spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94) [spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) [spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) [spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191) [spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68) [junit-rt.jar:na]
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51) [junit-rt.jar:na]
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:237) [junit-rt.jar:na]
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70) [junit-rt.jar:na]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_112]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_112]
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_112]
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_112]
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:147) [idea_rt.jar:na]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'demo' defined in com.example.Application: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'demo' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.example.service.DemoService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:749) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:467) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1173) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1067) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:513) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:866) ~[spring-context-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542) ~[spring-context-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:737) ~[spring-boot-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:1.5.2.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:370) ~[spring-boot-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:1.5.2.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:314) ~[spring-boot-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:1.5.2.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:120) ~[spring-boot-test-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:1.5.2.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98) ~[spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116) ~[spring-test-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
... 28 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.example.service.DemoService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1486) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:835) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:741) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
... 46 common frames omitted
重现项目
是否存在此行为的规范？
答案 0 :(得分：2)
我已经找到了错误原因。
SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper（TestContextBootstrapper使用的@JdbcTest）找到带注释的@SpringBootConfiguration（或@SpringBootApplication）。
SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper#getOrFindConfigurationClasses：
protected Class<?>[] getOrFindConfigurationClasses(
MergedContextConfiguration mergedConfig) {
Class<?>[] classes = mergedConfig.getClasses();
if (containsNonTestComponent(classes) || mergedConfig.hasLocations()
|| !mergedConfig.getContextInitializerClasses().isEmpty()) {
return classes;
}
Class<?> found = new SpringBootConfigurationFinder()
.findFromClass(mergedConfig.getTestClass()); // #### This !! ###
Assert.state(found != null,
"Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use "
+ "@ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) "
+ "with your test");
logger.info("Found @SpringBootConfiguration " + found.getName() + " for test "
+ mergedConfig.getTestClass());
return merge(found, classes);
}
SpringBootConfigurationFinder#findFromClass首先从同一个包中找到测试类。如果不存在相同的包，则从父包中递归查找。
SpringBootConfigurationFinder#scanPackage：
private Class<?> scanPackage(String source) {
while (source.length() > 0) {
Set<BeanDefinition> components = this.scanner.findCandidateComponents(source); // ### Find ###
if (!components.isEmpty()) {
Assert.state(components.size() == 1,
"Found multiple @SpringBootConfiguration annotated classes "
+ components);
return ClassUtils.resolveClassName(
components.iterator().next().getBeanClassName(), null);
}
source = getParentPackage(source); // ### Fallback ###
}
return null;
}
@SpringBootApplication或@SpringBootConfiguration的类的bean定义和依赖注入。在测试类上加载自定义配置类（未注释@TestConfiguration）。
例如。）使用静态内部类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@JdbcTest
@Import(DemoRepository.class)
public class DemoRepositoryTests {
// ...
@Configuration
static class Config { // ### Add
}
}
例如。）使用共享配置类进行测试
@JdbcTest
@Import(DemoRepository.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = TestConfig.class) // ### Add
public class DemoRepositoryTests {
// ...
}
创建@SpringBootApplication类以测试相同的包。
package com.example.repository;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;
@SpringBootApplication
class RepositoryTestApplication {
}
我认为解决方案3是不错的选择。
答案 1 :(得分：2)
在尝试使用@JdbcTest为我的存储库设置测试方法时遇到了同样的问题。
在审阅了Spring引用参考文档和Andy Wilkinson提到的源代码之后的解决方案。
@JdbcTest注释的内部类，阻止@SpringBootApplication搜索使用@Configuration注释的主要配置和其他@Configuration。内部@Configuration类将根据以下代码覆盖当前为空的主要配置。@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @JdbcTest @Import({TestConfiguration.class, DemoRepository.class}) @AutoConfigureTestDatabase @TestPropertySource(properties = {"spring.datasource.schema=classpath:dbschema.sql"}) public class DemoRepositoryTest { //This is the main key to override the search done by @JdbcTest to //those annotated with @SpringBootApplication, other @Configuration @Configuration @EnableAutoConfiguration static class Config { } @Autowired DemoRepository repository; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { ... } @Test public void findOne() throws Exception { ... } }
NamedParameterJdbcDaoSupport，因此以下是我配置DataSource @TestConfiguration public class TestConfiguration { //SpringBoot Test AutoConfig will inject the memory db here. @Autowired DataSource dataSource; @Bean public NamedParameterJdbcDaoSupport jdbcDaoSupport() { NamedParameterJdbcDaoSupport support = new NamedParameterJdbcDaoSupport(); support.setDataSource(dataSource); return support; } }
DemoRepository.java @Repository public class DemoRepository { private final NamedParameterJdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; public DemoRepository(NamedParameterJdbcDaoSupport jdbcDaoSupport) { this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcDaoSupport.getNamedParameterJdbcTemplate(); }
在pom.xml，h2中声明内存数据库驱动程序，例如：
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<version>1.4.196</version>
</dependency>
答案 2 :(得分：-1)
您没有只有 @JdbcTest＆amp;的应用程序上下文@Import ，你需要做同样的事情 ApplicationTests 声明 @SpringBootTest