Question

我正在关注Microsoft Contoso University Tutorial学习MVC。

到目前为止，我已经创建了3个模型

场
注册
学生

我有2个控制器

的HomeController
StudentController

我可以查看学生列表，有关学生的详细信息，包括课程中的内容和成绩，编辑学生详细信息以及添加新学生。

此时，我想了解更多有关路由的信息，因为我使用的是默认的Map Route

routes.MapRoute(
    name: "Default",
    url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);

我有一个学生数据库，都有唯一的姓氏。我知道通常不建议这样做，因为姓氏不是唯一的，但它适用于这个小型学习项目。所以我想要实现的是能够输入/students/{action}/{lastname}并查看有关学生的详细信息。所以我在学生控制器中创建了一个新的动作方法。

public ActionResult Grab(string studentName)
{
    if (studentName == null)
        return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);

    var student = db.Students.FirstOrDefault(x => x.LastName.ToLower() == studentName.ToLower());
    if (student == null)
        return HttpNotFound();

    return View(student);
}

我在RouteConfig.cs文件中添加了一个新路由

//Custom route
routes.MapRoute(
    name: null,
    url: "{controller}/{action}/{studentName}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Student", action = "Grab", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);

最后我创建了一个名为Grab的新视图，其中显示了有关该学生的详细信息。

现在当我输入/student/grab/Norman时，它会向我提供姓氏为Norman的学生的详细信息

这很棒。但现在我有一个问题。当我尝试使用我的一些原始网址时/Student/Details/1 他们不再工作了。我收到400错误。

我做的第一件事就是将我的默认路线移到我制作的自定义路线之上

routes.MapRoute(
    name: "Default",
    url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
//Custom route
routes.MapRoute(
    name: null,
    url: "{controller}/{action}/{studentName}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Student", action = "Grab", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);

这解决了这个问题，但在我之前工作的抓取路线上导致400错误。如何在不收到400错误的情况下同时使用这两个？

这是我的完整RouteConfig.cs文件

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace ContosoUniversity
{
    public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "Default",
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
            //Custom route
            routes.MapRoute(
                name: null,
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{studentName}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Student", action = "Grab", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );


        }
    }
}

这是我的整个StudentController.cs文件

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using ContosoUniversity.DAL;
using ContosoUniversity.Models;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Controllers
{
    public class StudentController : Controller
    {
        private SchoolContext db = new SchoolContext();

        // GET: Student
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(db.Students.ToList());
        }

        // GET: Student/Details/5
        public ActionResult Details(int? id)
        {
            if (id == null)
            {
                return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
            }
            Student student = db.Students.Find(id);
            if (student == null)
            {
                return HttpNotFound();
            }
            return View(student);
        }

        public ActionResult Grab(string studentName)
        {
            if (studentName == null)
                return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);

            var student = db.Students.FirstOrDefault(x => x.LastName.ToLower() == studentName.ToLower());
            if (student == null)
                return HttpNotFound();

            return View(student);
        }

        // GET: Student/Create
        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            return View();
        }

        // POST: Student/Create
        // To protect from overposting attacks, please enable the specific properties you want to bind to, for 
        // more details see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=317598.
        [HttpPost]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public ActionResult Create([Bind(Include = "LastName, FirstMidName, EnrollmentDate")]Student student)
        {
            try
            {
                if (ModelState.IsValid)
                {
                    db.Students.Add(student);
                    db.SaveChanges();
                    return RedirectToAction("Index");
                }
            }
            catch (DataException /* dex */)
            {
                //Log the error (uncomment dex variable name and add a line here to write a log.
                ModelState.AddModelError("", "Unable to save changes. Try again, and if the problem persists see your system administrator.");
            }
            return View(student);
        }

        // GET: Student/Edit/5
        public ActionResult Edit(int? id)
        {
            if (id == null)
            {
                return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
            }
            Student student = db.Students.Find(id);
            if (student == null)
            {
                return HttpNotFound();
            }
            return View(student);
        }

        // POST: Student/Edit/5
        // To protect from overposting attacks, please enable the specific properties you want to bind to, for 
        // more details see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=317598.
        [HttpPost, ActionName("Edit")]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public ActionResult EditPost(int? id)
        {
            if (id == null)
            {
                return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
            }
            var studentToUpdate = db.Students.Find(id);
            if (TryUpdateModel(studentToUpdate, "",
               new string[] { "LastName", "FirstMidName", "EnrollmentDate" }))
            {
                try
                {
                    db.SaveChanges();

                    return RedirectToAction("Index");
                }
                catch (DataException /* dex */)
                {
                    //Log the error (uncomment dex variable name and add a line here to write a log.
                    ModelState.AddModelError("", "Unable to save changes. Try again, and if the problem persists, see your system administrator.");
                }
            }
            return View(studentToUpdate);
        }

        // GET: Student/Delete/5
        public ActionResult Delete(int? id)
        {
            if (id == null)
            {
                return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
            }
            Student student = db.Students.Find(id);
            if (student == null)
            {
                return HttpNotFound();
            }
            return View(student);
        }

        // POST: Student/Delete/5
        [HttpPost, ActionName("Delete")]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public ActionResult DeleteConfirmed(int id)
        {
            Student student = db.Students.Find(id);
            db.Students.Remove(student);
            db.SaveChanges();
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing)
            {
                db.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }
    }
}

我将提供所需的任何其他详细信息。我希望能够输入http://localhost:49706/Student/Details/1或http://localhost:49706/Student/Grab/Alexander并获得相同的详细信息，因为Alexander的学生ID为1。

Answer 1

您希望区分自定义路由与默认路由网址

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) {
    routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

    //Custom route
    routes.MapRoute(
        name: "Students",
        url: "Student/{action}/{id}",
        defaults: new { controller = "Student", action = "Grab", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
    );

    //General default route
    routes.MapRoute(
        name: "Default",
        url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
        defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
    );
}

动作参数也应与路径模板参数匹配

// GET: Student/Details/5
public ActionResult Details(int? id) {
    if (id == null) {
        return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
    }
    var student = db.Students.Find(id);
    if (student == null) {
        return HttpNotFound();
    }
    return View(student);
}

public ActionResult Grab(string id) {
    if (id == null)
        return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);

    var student = db.Students.FirstOrDefault(x => x.LastName.ToLower() == id.ToLower());
    if (student == null)
        return HttpNotFound();

    return View(student);
}

现在可以使以下内容正确匹配

Student/Details/1 
Student/Grab/Alexander

为姓名为Alexander的学生提供1岁的studentId

Answer 2

两条路线都是相同的（从模式匹配的角度来看）：

{controller}/{action}/{id}

{controller}/{action}/{studentName}

id和studentName只是占位符。除此之外，它们没有任何意义，因此您基本上只定义了两条路线：

{controller}/{action}/{someindicator}

最终发生的事情是，首先命中的任何路线都将满足请求。

因此，如果你想使用相同的“模式”，你需要以某种方式区分路线。我建议直接在路线中指明行动：

routes.MapRoute(
                name: "StudentDetails",
                url: "{controller}/Details/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
            //Custom route
            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "GrabStudent",
                url: "{controller}/Grab/{studentName}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Student", action = "Grab", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );

自定义路由不适用于默认的mvc route

2 个答案: