int 13h 42h在Bochs中没有任何东西

时间:2017-05-04 14:51:28

标签: x86 nasm bootloader bios bochs

我将自举程序从CHS更改为LBA,因此我将int 13h 02h替换为int 13h 42h。它在QEMU中正常工作,但是,我在使用Bochs和笔记本电脑时遇到了麻烦。

我使用dd if=main.bin of=/dev/sdb bs=512将bootloader写入USB闪存盘。笔记本电脑加载Intel UNDI并给我以下错误:No bootable device - insert boot disk and press any key

所以我尝试用Bochs调试它,并注意到Bochs将这个二进制文件识别为可引导的。但是,int 13h执行后没有加载任何内容。

然后我尝试从这个闪存驱动器加载我的旧PC,它的工作原理!它加载程序并正确执行它。 QEMU给了我相同的结果。

以下是引导加载程序代码:

org 0x7c00
bits 16

boot:
    cli
    ; Overlap CS and DS
    mov ax, cs
    mov ds, ax
    mov es, ax
    ; Setup 4K stack before this bootloader
    mov ax, 0x07c0
    mov ss, ax
    mov sp, 4096
    ; Load next sectors
    mov si, DAP
    mov ah, 42h
    ; DL didn't changed
    int 13h
    ; Start
    jmp bootend

; Disk address packet
DAP:
    db 10h, 0
    dw %1 ; Number of sectors to be loaded
    dd bootend
    dq 1

; Fill the rest of bootsector with zeroes and end it
times 510 - ($ - boot) db 0
dw 0xAA55
bootend:

bochsrc:

megs: 32
romimage: file=/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest, address=0xfffe0000
vgaromimage: file=/usr/share/bochs/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest
floppya: 1_44=main.bin, status=inserted
boot: a
panic: action=ask
log: bochsout.txt
mouse: enabled=0
keyboard: type=mf, serial_delay=200, paste_delay=100000
display_library: x, options="gui_debug"

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

LBA磁盘访问可用性

并非所有BIOS都支持扩展磁盘读写功能(尽管在现代硬件上它们几乎都可能)。并非所有BIOS都支持通过Int 13h/AH=42h扩展磁盘读取软盘。对于 BOCHS 也是如此。您可以通过Int 13/AH=41h/BX=55AAh测试驱动器上的扩展磁盘功能是否可用。这会进行扩展磁盘安装检查。

如果要使用扩展磁盘读取和LBA在 BOCHS 上测试代码,则必须创建硬盘映像并修改 BOCHS 以从中启动而不是软盘。 BOCHS 支持的最小硬盘映像大小为CHS = 1/16/63,即512 * 16 * 63 = 516096字节或1008个扇区,每个512字节。

您可以将bochsrc.txt修改为:

megs: 32
romimage: file=/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest, address=0xfffe0000
vgaromimage: file=/usr/share/bochs/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest
boot: c
ata0: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1f0, ioaddr2=0x3f0, irq=14
ata0-master: type=disk, path="disk.img", mode=flat, cylinders=0, heads=0, spt=0, model="Generic 1234", biosdetect=auto, translation=auto
panic: action=ask
log: bochsout.txt
mouse: enabled=0
keyboard: type=mf, serial_delay=200, paste_delay=100000
display_library: x, options="gui_debug"

我使用名为disk.img的磁盘映像。您可以使用以下命令创建它并将生成的扇区放入其中:

nasm -f bin main.asm -o main.bin

创建516096字节的图像:

dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img count=1008 bs=512

将引导扇区放在disk.img的开头,而不截断文件:

dd if=main.bin of=disk.img conv=notrunc

我有关于使用 DD 在此Stackoverflow answer中创建磁盘映像的其他信息。

一般守则观察

虽然磁盘映像是 BOCHS 问题的一部分,但您确实遇到了一些编码问题。您不能假设 CS 的值将设置为当您将控制权从BIOS传输到引导加载程序时的想法。有关详细信息,请参阅我的General Bootloader Tips。如果您希望 DS ES 为零(这是org 0x7c00所需要的),则应将代码的开头修改为是这样的:

org 0x7c00
bits 16

boot:
    cli

    xor ax, ax     ; Explicitly set DS and ES to 0
    mov ds, ax
    mov es, ax

为了测试您的代码,我在bootend

之后添加了此代码
bootend:

    ; Print MDP to upper left of screen in white on light magenta
    mov ax, 0xb800
    mov es, ax
    mov word [es:0x0000], 0x57<<8 | 'M'
    mov word [es:0x0002], 0x57<<8 | 'D'
    mov word [es:0x0004], 0x57<<8 | 'P'

    ; Infinite loop so we don't have the CPU wander memory
    cli
endloop:
    hlt
    jmp endloop

我不确定此行是否是拼写错误,或者您在汇编文件上使用某种类型的预处理器,然后再将它们传递给 NASM 。通常,此行在%

之前的1符号会出现问题
dw %1 ; Number of sectors to be loaded

NASM 只会直接支持这一点:

dw 1  ; Number of sectors to be loaded

真正的硬件/ USB /笔记本电脑问题

如果您尝试使用USB在真实硬件上启动,那么即使您使用上述更改在 BOCHS 中工作,您也可能会遇到其他问题。如果您的BIOS设置为进行USB FDD仿真(而不是USB HDD或其他),则可能需要在引导加载程序的开头添加Boot Parameter Block(BPB)。你可以像这样创建一个假的:

org 0x7c00
bits 16

boot:
    jmp main
    TIMES 3-($-$$) DB 0x90   ; Support 2 or 3 byte encoded JMPs before BPB.

    ; Dos 4.0 EBPB 1.44MB floppy
    OEMname:           db    "mkfs.fat"  ; mkfs.fat is what OEMname mkdosfs uses
    bytesPerSector:    dw    512
    sectPerCluster:    db    1
    reservedSectors:   dw    1
    numFAT:            db    2
    numRootDirEntries: dw    224
    numSectors:        dw    2880
    mediaType:         db    0xf0
    numFATsectors:     dw    9
    sectorsPerTrack:   dw    18
    numHeads:          dw    2
    numHiddenSectors:  dd    0
    numSectorsHuge:    dd    0
    driveNum:          db    0
    reserved:          db    0
    signature:         db    0x29
    volumeID:          dd    0x2d7e5a1a
    volumeLabel:       db    "NO NAME    "
    fileSysType:       db    "FAT12   "

main:
    cli

    xor ax, ax     ; Explicitly set DS and ES to 0
    mov ds, ax
    mov es, ax
    [rest of your code here]

如果您要修改代码以使Unix / Linux file命令上方的布局可能能够转储它认为构成磁盘映像中MBR的BPB数据。运行命令file disk.img,您可以获得此输出:

  

disk.img:DOS / MBR引导扇区,代码偏移量0x3c + 2,OEM-ID&#34; mkfs.fat&#34;,根条目224,扇区2880(卷<= 32 MB),扇区/ FAT 9,扇区/磁道18,序列号0x2d7e5a1a,未标记,FAT(12位)

Int 13h扩展检查的完整示例

以下代码将检查BIOS中是否提供Int 13h扩展,还将确定 DL 中的驱动器是否支持Int 13h扩展。如果出现故障,代码将打印相应的错误。 print_string函数用于使用BIOS TTY输出向控制台显示字符串,并提供print_hex_word函数以十六进制显示启动驱动器号。

org 0x7c00
bits 16

section .text
boot:
    jmp main
    TIMES 3-($-$$) DB 0x90   ; Support 2 or 3 byte encoded JMPs before BPB.

    ; Dos 4.0 EBPB 1.44MB floppy
    OEMname:           db    "mkfs.fat"  ; mkfs.fat is what OEMname mkdosfs uses
    bytesPerSector:    dw    512
    sectPerCluster:    db    1
    reservedSectors:   dw    1
    numFAT:            db    2
    numRootDirEntries: dw    224
    numSectors:        dw    2880
    mediaType:         db    0xf0
    numFATsectors:     dw    9
    sectorsPerTrack:   dw    18
    numHeads:          dw    2
    numHiddenSectors:  dd    0
    numSectorsHuge:    dd    0
    driveNum:          db    0
    reserved:          db    0
    signature:         db    0x29
    volumeID:          dd    0x2d7e5a1a
    volumeLabel:       db    "NO NAME    "
    fileSysType:       db    "FAT12   "

main:
    cli
    cld                   ; String instructions forward movement

    xor ax, ax
    mov ds, ax
    mov es, ax
    ; Setup 4K stack before this bootloader
    mov ss, ax
    mov sp, 0x7c00

    ; Display a banner to know our bootloader is executing
    mov si, msg_booting
    call print_string

    ; Check that Int 13h Extensions are available
    ; http://www.ctyme.com/intr/rb-0706.htm

    mov ah, 0x41          ; Int 13h/AH=41h: Check if extensions present
    mov bx, 0x55aa
    int 0x13
    jc  ext_drv_none      ; CF set - no extensions available for drive
    cmp bx, 0xaa55        ; Is BX 0xaa55?
    jnz ext_none          ;     If not, int 13h extensions not supported
                          ;     by BIOS at all.

    ; Int 13h extensions supported by BIOS and drive at this point
    ; Load next sectors
    mov si, DAP
    mov ah, 42h
    ; DL didn't changed
    int 13h
    ; Start
    jmp bootend

; Error: BIOS doesn't support Int 13h extensions
ext_none:
    mov si, err_no_extensions
    call print_string
    jmp error_end

; Error: BIOS supports Int 13h extensions but not for drive in DL
ext_drv_none:
    mov si, err_no_drv_ext_support
    call print_string

    ; Print the boot drive number in hex
    xor dh, dh            ; Zero extended drive number to all of DX
    push word 0x00        ; Attribute and page number to write to
    push dx               ; The value to write as hex
    call print_hex_word


error_end:
    cli
.loop:
    hlt
    jmp .loop

; Print 16 bit value passed on stack as first parameter
; in hexadecimal. Use page number and foreground color
; passed in second parameter. This routine will work on 8086+
; processors. This code takes advantage of packed BCD to
; determine the ASCII values to print. This code could have
; used compare and branch to do the same or a translation table.

print_hex_word:
    push bp
    mov bp, sp      ; BP=SP, on 8086 can't use sp in memory operand
    push dx         ; Save all registers we clobber
    push cx
    push bx
    push ax

    mov cx, 0x0404  ; CH = number of nibbles to process = 4 (4*4=16 bits)
                    ; CL = Number of bits to rotate each iteration = 4 (a nibble)
    mov dx, [bp+4]  ; DX = word parameter on stack at [bp+4] to print
    mov bx, [bp+6]  ; BX = page / foreground attr is at [bp+6]

.loop:
    rol dx, cl      ; Roll 4 bits left. Lower nibble is value to print
    mov ax, 0x0e0f  ; AH=0E (BIOS tty print),AL=mask to get lower nibble
    and al, dl      ; AL=copy of lower nibble
    add al, 0x90    ; Work as if we are packed BCD
    daa             ; Decimal adjust after add.
                    ;    If nibble in AL was between 0 and 9, then CF=0 and
                    ;    AL=0x90 to 0x99
                    ;    If nibble in AL was between A and F, then CF=1 and
                    ;    AL=0x00 to 0x05
    adc al, 0x40    ; AL=0xD0 to 0xD9
                    ; or AL=0x41 to 0x46
    daa             ; AL=0x30 to 0x39 (ASCII '0' to '9')
                    ; or AL=0x41 to 0x46 (ASCII 'A' to 'F')
    int 0x10        ; Print ASCII character in AL
    dec ch
    jnz .loop       ; Go back if more nibbles to process

    pop ax          ; Restore registers
    pop bx
    pop cx
    pop dx
    pop bp
    ret

; Print string pointed to by DS:SI using
; BIOS TTY output via int 10h/AH=0eh

print_string:
    push ax
    push si
    mov ah, 0Eh       ; int 10h 'print char' function

.repeat:
    lodsb             ; Get character from string
    test al, al
    je .done      ; If char is zero, end of string
    int 10h           ; Otherwise, print it
    jmp .repeat
.done:
    pop si
    pop ax
    ret

; Disk address packet
DAP:
    db 10h, 0
    dw 1 ; Number of sectors to be loaded
    dd bootend
    dq 1

msg_booting:            db "Booting... ", 0x00
err_no_extensions:      db "Int 13h extensions not supported by BIOS", 0x00
err_no_drv_ext_support: db "Int 13h Extensions not supported on drive 0x", 0x00

; Fill the rest of bootsector with zeroes and end it
times 510 - ($ - boot) db 0
dw 0xAA55
bootend:

    mov ax, 0xb800
    mov es, ax
    mov word [es:0x0000], 0x57<<8 | 'M'
    mov word [es:0x0002], 0x57<<8 | 'D'
    mov word [es:0x0004], 0x57<<8 | 'P'
    cli
    hlt

使用这些信息将其作为上面的硬盘图像,当我在 BOCHS 中运行时,我得到了这个输出:

enter image description here

如果我在 BOCHS 中启动与软盘(磁盘A :)相同的图像,则错误消息现在告诉我Int 13h扩展不可用于驱动器0x0000:

enter image description here

如果您发现需要阅读不支持Int 13h扩展的设备,则必须回退到reading(AH = 02)/ {{的标准Int 13h磁盘子功能3}}(AH = 03)。

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