使用Privoxy和Tor进行Scrapy:如何更新IP

时间:2017-07-10 10:41:33

标签: python web-scraping scrapy tor

我正在与Scrapy,Privoxy和Tor打交道。我已安装并正常工作。但Tor每次都使用相同的IP连接,因此我很容易被禁止。是否有可能告诉Tor重新连接每个X秒或连接?

谢谢!

关于配置的编辑: 对于用户代理池,我这样做了:http://tangww.com/2013/06/UsingRandomAgent/(我必须按照评论中的说法放置一个_ init _.py文件),并且对于Privoxy和Tor我遵循了http://www.andrewwatters.com/privoxy/(我必须使用终端手动创建私人用户和私人组)。它起作用了:))

我的蜘蛛是这样的:

from scrapy.contrib.spiders import CrawlSpider
from scrapy.selector import Selector
from scrapy.http import Request

class YourCrawler(CrawlSpider):
    name = "spider_name"
    start_urls = [
    'https://example.com/listviews/titles.php',
    ]
    allowed_domains = ["example.com"]

    def parse(self, response):
        # go to the urls in the list
        s = Selector(response)
        page_list_urls = s.xpath('///*[@id="tab7"]/article/header/h2/a/@href').extract()
        for url in page_list_urls:
            yield Request(response.urljoin(url), callback=self.parse_following_urls, dont_filter=True)

        # Return back and go to bext page in div#paginat ul li.next a::attr(href) and begin again
        next_page = response.css('ul.pagin li.presente ~ li a::attr(href)').extract_first()
        if next_page is not None:
            next_page = response.urljoin(next_page)
            yield Request(next_page, callback=self.parse)

    # For the urls in the list, go inside, and in div#main, take the div.ficha > div.caracteristicas > ul > li
    def parse_following_urls(self, response):
        #Parsing rules go here
        for each_book in response.css('main#main'):
            yield {
                'editor': each_book.css('header.datos1 > ul > li > h5 > a::text').extract(),
            }

在settings.py中,我有一个用户代理轮换和privoxy:

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
        #user agent
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware' : None,
        'spider_name.comm.rotate_useragent.RotateUserAgentMiddleware' :400,
        #privoxy
        'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 110,
        'spider_name.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 100
    }

在middlewares.py中我添加了:

class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://127.0.0.1:8118'
        spider.log('Proxy : %s' % request.meta['proxy'])

我认为这就是......

编辑II ---

好的,我更改了我的middlewares.py文件,如博客@TomášLinhart所说:

class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://127.0.0.1:8118'
        spider.log('Proxy : %s' % request.meta['proxy'])

from stem import Signal
from stem.control import Controller

class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://127.0.0.1:8118'
        spider.log('Proxy : %s' % request.meta['proxy'])

    def set_new_ip():
        with Controller.from_port(port=9051) as controller:
            controller.authenticate(password='tor_password')
            controller.signal(Signal.NEWNYM)

但是现在真的很慢,并且似乎没有改变ip ...我做得好或者出了什么问题?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:8)

blog post可能对您有所帮助,因为它处理同样的问题。

编辑:根据具体要求(每个请求的新IP或 N 请求之后),在set_new_ip中对process_request进行适当的调用中间件的方法。但请注意,拨打set_new_ip功能并不一定要始终确保新的IP(这是指向常见问题解答的链接以及解释)。

EDIT2: ProxyMiddleware类的模块如下所示:

from stem import Signal
from stem.control import Controller

def _set_new_ip():
    with Controller.from_port(port=9051) as controller:
        controller.authenticate(password='tor_password')
        controller.signal(Signal.NEWNYM)

class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        _set_new_ip()
        request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://127.0.0.1:8118'
        spider.log('Proxy : %s' % request.meta['proxy'])

答案 1 :(得分:6)

  

但Tor每次都使用相同的IP连接

这是documented Tor feature

  

需要注意的一点是,新电路并不一定   表示新的IP地址。基于启发式随机选择路径   喜欢速度和稳定性。这里只有很多大型出口   Tor网络,因此重复使用您已经拥有的出口并不罕见   先前。

这就是为什么使用下面的代码会导致重新使用相同的IP地址的原因。

from stem import Signal
from stem.control import Controller


with Controller.from_port(port=9051) as controller:
    controller.authenticate(password='tor_password')
    controller.signal(Signal.NEWNYM)


https://github.com/DusanMadar/TorIpChanger可帮助您管理此行为。录取 - 我写了TorIpChanger

我还整理了一篇关于如何在Tor和Privoxy中使用Python的指南:https://gist.github.com/DusanMadar/8d11026b7ce0bce6a67f7dd87b999f6b


以下是您在TorIpChanger中使用pip install toripchangerProxyMiddleware)的示例。

from toripchanger import TorIpChanger


# A Tor IP will be reused only after 10 different IPs were used.
ip_changer = TorIpChanger(reuse_threshold=10)


class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        ip_changer.get_new_ip()
        request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://127.0.0.1:8118'
        spider.log('Proxy : %s' % request.meta['proxy'])

或者,如果您想在10次请求后使用其他IP,则可以执行以下操作。

from toripchanger import TorIpChanger


# A Tor IP will be reused only after 10 different IPs were used.
ip_changer = TorIpChanger(reuse_threshold=10)


class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    _requests_count = 0

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        self._requests_count += 1
        if self._requests_count > 10:
            self._requests_count = 0 
            ip_changer.get_new_ip()

        request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://127.0.0.1:8118'
        spider.log('Proxy : %s' % request.meta['proxy'])
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