如何迭代这个n维数据集?

时间:2017-08-17 14:28:08

标签: python multidimensional-array iteration

我有dataset有4个维度(现在......),我需要迭代它。

要访问dataset中的值,请执行以下操作:

value = dataset[i,j,k,l]

现在,我可以获得shape的{​​{1}}:

dataset

shape = [4,5,2,6] 中的值表示维度的长度。

如果给定维数,我可以迭代数据集中的所有元素吗?这是一个例子:

shape

将来,for i in range(shape[0]): for j in range(shape[1]): for k in range(shape[2]): for l in range(shape[3]): print('BOOM') value = dataset[i,j,k,l] 可能会发生变化。例如,shape可能有10个元素而不是当前的4个元素。

使用Python 3有没有一种干净利落的方法?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

您可以使用itertools.product迭代某些值的cartesian product 1 (在这种情况下为索引):

import itertools
shape = [4,5,2,6]
for idx in itertools.product(*[range(s) for s in shape]):
    value = dataset[idx]
    print(idx, value)
    # i would be "idx[0]", j "idx[1]" and so on...

但是,如果它是一个想要迭代的numpy数组,那么可以更容易使用np.ndenumerate

import numpy as np

arr = np.random.random([4,5,2,6])
for idx, value in np.ndenumerate(arr):
    print(idx, value)
    # i would be "idx[0]", j "idx[1]" and so on...

1 您要求澄清itertools.product(*[range(s) for s in shape])实际做了些什么。所以我会更详细地解释一下。

例如,你有这个循环:

for i in range(10):
    for j in range(8):
        # do whatever

这也可以使用product编写为:

for i, j in itertools.product(range(10), range(8)):
#                                        ^^^^^^^^---- the inner for loop
#                             ^^^^^^^^^-------------- the outer for loop
    # do whatever

这意味着product只是减少独立 for循环次数的便捷方式。

如果您想将可变数量的for - 循环转换为product,您基本上需要两个步骤:

# Create the "values" each for-loop iterates over
loopover = [range(s) for s in shape]

# Unpack the list using "*" operator because "product" needs them as 
# different positional arguments:
prod = itertools.product(*loopover)

for idx in prod:
     i_0, i_1, ..., i_n = idx   # index is a tuple that can be unpacked if you know the number of values.
                                # The "..." has to be replaced with the variables in real code!
     # do whatever

相当于:

for i_1 in range(shape[0]):
    for i_2 in range(shape[1]):
        ... # more loops
            for i_n in range(shape[n]):  # n is the length of the "shape" object
                # do whatever