Question

现代应用程序以图形为中心。向用户显示信息或为其他灰色应用程序提供创造性，艺术性触摸的图形。大多数情况下，在运行时加载图形是有意义的：在图像编辑程序中，设置自定义配置文件图片等时。

但是那些意图不变的图形呢？我有一个应用程序，例如，打算为登录屏幕的背景。此背景在应用程序的版本中永远不会更改，因此不应位于需要随可执行文件提供的单独文件中。其他程序和用户也可能修改单独的文件。 Xcode附带了一个聪明的资产系统，允许您将资产添加到 assets.xcassets 文件，然后使用imageNamed等方法：@＆＃34; nameOfImageInAssets.png＆＃34;创建 NSImage ，其中名称表示资产包中的图像，Xcode将自动将其复制到应用程序的资源文件夹中。

这不是可移植的，也不是Windows资源文件。我读过很多文章，其中大部分都建议使用xxd或gnu链接器来转换这个图像：

使用以下命令进入头文件： xxd -i Users/username/Pictures/SaltBae.png SaltBae.h

SaltBae.h

unsigned char _Users_username_Pictures_SaltBae_png[] = {

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0x6a, 0x75, 0x77, 0x8b, 0x86, 0xdc, 0x58, 0x57, 0x45, 0x52, 0xe9, 0x84,
0x81, 0x7c, 0x91, 0x28, 0x55, 0x23, 0x96, 0x13, 0xd7, 0x24, 0xbe, 0xac,
0x17, 0xfa, 0xf2, 0x78, 0x63, 0xc7, 0x82, 0x08, 0xda, 0xa6, 0xc5, 0x50,
0x55, 0x04, 0xe5, 0x65, 0x5b, 0x06, 0xde, 0xce, 0xf0, 0x24, 0xf3, 0x4e,
0x70, 0xb5, 0x15, 0x6a, 0x34, 0x7b, 0x11, 0x9d, 0xbe, 0x10, 0x53, 0xd0,
0xa8, 0x86, 0x2e, 0x76, 0xb6, 0x2a, 0x9d, 0x2c, 0x48, 0x3c, 0x5b, 0xa2,
0xc8, 0x3a, 0x37, 0xd4, 0x9d, 0xed, 0x6c, 0x4a, 0xab, 0x95, 0x6e, 0x08,
0x66, 0x3d, 0x5a, 0xad, 0x4d, 0x18, 0xc8, 0xca, 0xfa, 0xd5, 0x85, 0x6f,
0xf9, 0x5f, 0xde, 0x02, 0x30, 0xff, 0x03, 0x8c, 0x47, 0x35, 0xad, 0xbc,
0xbf, 0x26, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x49, 0x45, 0x4e, 0x44, 0xae,
0x42, 0x60, 0x82

};

unsigned int _Users_username_Pictures_SaltBae_png_len = 1863;

我确信阅读起来非常痛苦，而且存储在磁盘上同样痛苦。上面的文件仅适用于您看到的20 * 20版本的图像。可以想象，当以这种方式存储时，高清图像的文件大小变得灾难性地大。原始包含文件根本不会做。

有人建议使用预编译标题，但据我所知，这是以可移植性为代价的。

忽略一分钟的大小问题我遇到了另一个问题：我似乎无法从文件中的unsigned char数组创建NSImage。

我最终得到了以下代码：

auto test = (unsigned char * _Nullable *)&_Users_username_Pictures_SaltBae_png[0];
NSBitmapImageRep *rep = [[NSBitmapImageRep alloc]
                              initWithBitmapDataPlanes:nil
                              pixelsWide:20
                              pixelsHigh:20
                              bitsPerSample:16
                              samplesPerPixel:3
                              hasAlpha:NO
                              isPlanar:NO
                              colorSpaceName:NSDeviceRGBColorSpace
                              bytesPerRow:(3*2*20)
                              bitsPerPixel:48];
NSImage *theImage = [[NSImage alloc] initWithSize:NSMakeSize(20, 20)];
[theImage addRepresentation:rep];

然后我继续命名图像并将NSView的内容设置为图像。 theImage.name = @＆＃34; customImage＆＃34 ;; [查看setBackgroundImage：@＆＃34; customImage＆＃34;];

根据我传入Bitmap的参数，它将是blanc或抛出访问错误。使用视图图像将图像设置为应用程序资源文件夹中的某些内容时，图像可以正常工作： [view setBackgroundImage：@＆＃34; imageInResourceFolder＆＃34;]; 因此，我的问题是：如何使用Xcode正确地，可移植地将数据（图像，音频等）嵌入到可执行文件中，以及如何正确访问标头中的数据以定义可用作数据的NSImage我的小组的背景？

更新

Daij的回答解决了我访问数据的麻烦，我能够从嵌入数据中生成以下窗口：

Answer 1

似乎你主要拥有它......只需抓住字节*将其转换为NSData并将其转换为图像

{{1}}

这假定您指向有效图像数据的指针;）

你可以直接链接到ld（搜索我的github示例DDEmbeddedDataReader，但任何进程都可以工作.. #define数组或将它放在.c文件中的变量中......无论你喜欢什么：）

...我写了DDEmbeddedDataReader，看看这是否值得，但我决定只使用外部资产。为什么？你不想增加资源的二进制大小......

Answer 2

我使用GBA / NDS - 一个带ROM的嵌入式系统。最大的问题之一是将图像放入游戏中，因为没有任何大约1mB的闪存。因此，你所做的就是一个解决方案 - 将字节分成数组，以获得指向像素blob的指针。关于如何表示这样的数据有很多混乱，结论是在编译文件中，所以你不必像标题一样重新编译（更不用说它会使你的ram崩溃）。

但是，将它存储在编译的目标文件中有一个好处：您可以将数据重新定位到所需的位置。实际上，您甚至不需要数据本身的符号，并且可以针对binutils解决方案废弃整个方法。有一个名为bin2o的常见应用程序浮动在Internet上的某个位置，它自动执行读取文件和输出具有3个符号的目标文件的过程：数据长度，数据指针，数据结束。这样您就可以编译和链接图像，而无需将数据转换为凌乱的数组。

我不希望你找到并使用bin2o（它不在binutils中），但它确实标配了一些嵌入式编译器。其中一些将代码转换为c，即eww。我将在这里解释如何使用binutils自己做。虽然，我是一名对obj-c有一定知识的C程序员，但是，正如我研究的那样，它应该与对象相同。翻译是必要的，原谅我。

需要到知道的：

目标格式（mingw64 x86_64-w64-mingw32）
输入格式（可能是binary）
输出架构（mingw64 i386:x86-64:intel）

你可以从binutils调用objcopy，其中-I是输入格式，-O是输出格式，-B是二进制架构。假设我有一个名为cow.bmp的图像：我将在我的intel mingw64 x64 windows pc objcopy -I binary -O x86_64-w64-mingw32 -B i386:x86-64:intel cow.bmp cow.o上运行，这将创建包含3个符号的cow.o。

_binary_cow_bmp_bin_start
_binary_cow_bmp_bin_end
_binary_cow_bmp_bin_size

你最终会将任何需求联系在一起。这是C中的MWE：

#include <stdio.h> // just some standard headers
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

extern void* _binary_cow_bmp_bin_start; // points to nothing
extern void* _binary_cow_bmp_bin_end; // however the address points to the data
extern void* _binary_cow_bmp_bin_size; // use &_binary... to get the data
// To access the values pointing to above is undefined behavior,
// but not the address of the undefined values are defined

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{

    char* data = (char*) &_binary_cow_bmp_bin_start; // character/byte array
    size_t size = (size_t)&_binary_cow_bmp_bin_size; // length of data

    printf("Size:`%Iu`\nData:`%9.9s`\n", size, data); // pretty output

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

输出：

尺寸：`196662`
数据：`BM6`

（注意它看起来有些偏差，但根据9.9的要求是6个空格）

将PNG图像和其他资源嵌入OS X可执行文件

2 个答案: