Question

我更新了我的尝试，保留了一些像CHAR一样的东西，但仍然得到类似的错误：第1行的错误： ORA-02091：交易回滚 ORA-02291：违反了完整性约束（MMM1339.ITEMNO_PHAR_FK） - 未找到父密钥

申请单的外键在不同的供应主键中都有值，所以我不确定为什么还有问题。

CREATE TABLE SUPPLIER
(SUPPLIERNO   CHAR(6),
 SUPPLIERNAME VARCHAR2(100),
 PHONENO VARCHAR2(12),
 ADDRESS VARCHAR(100),
 FAXNO VARCHAR(12),
 CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_SSPL_PK PRIMARY KEY(SUPPLIERNO));

CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL
(ITEMNO         CHAR(6),
SUPPLIERNO      CHAR(6),
NAME            VARCHAR2(25),
DESCRIPTION     VARCHAR2(25),
QUANTITYINSTOCK INT,
REORDERLEVEL    INT,
COSTPERUNIT     DECIMAL(6,2),
DOSAGE          VARCHAR2(12),
CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_PHAR_PK PRIMARY KEY(ITEMNO));

CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_SURGICAL
(ITEMNO         CHAR(6),
NAME            VARCHAR2(25),
DESCRIPTION     VARCHAR2(25),
QUANTITYINSTOCK INT,
REORDERLEVEL    INT,
COSTPERUNIT     DECIMAL(6,2),
SUPPLIERNO      CHAR(6),
CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_SUP_PK PRIMARY KEY(ITEMNO));

CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL
(ITEMNO         CHAR(6),
NAME            VARCHAR2(25),
DESCRIPTION     VARCHAR2(25),  
QUANTITYINSTOCK INT,
REORDERLEVEL    INT,
COSTPERUNIT     DECIMAL(6,2),
SUPPLIERNO      CHAR(6),
CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_NONSURG_PK PRIMARY KEY(ITEMNO));

CREATE TABLE STAFF_CHARGENURSE
(STAFFNO   CHAR(6),
 ADDRESS   VARCHAR2(25),
 POSITION  VARCHAR2(12),
 BUDGET    DECIMAL(6,2),
 SPECIALTY VARCHAR2(12),
 CONSTRAINT STAFFNO_CHNURSE_PK PRIMARY KEY(STAFFNO));

 CREATE TABLE REQUISITION
 (REQNO CHAR(6),
  STAFFNO CHAR(6),
  STAFFNAME VARCHAR2(25),
  WARDNO CHAR(6),
  ITEMNO CHAR(6),
  QUANTITY INT,
  DATEORDERED DATE,
  DATERECIEVED DATE,
  CONSTRAINT REQ_PK PRIMARY KEY(REQNO));

 ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_PHA_FK FOREIGN KEY(SUPPLIERNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIER(SUPPLIERNO) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
 ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_SURGICAL ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_SURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(SUPPLIERNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIER(SUPPLIERNO) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
 ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_NONSURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(SUPPLIERNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIER(SUPPLIERNO) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
 ALTER TABLE REQUISITION ADD CONSTRAINT STAFFNO_REQ_FK FOREIGN KEY(STAFFNO) REFERENCES STAFF_CHARGENURSE(STAFFNO) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
 ALTER TABLE REQUISITION ADD CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_PHAR_FK FOREIGN KEY(ITEMNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL(ITEMNO) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
 ALTER TABLE REQUISITION ADD CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_SURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(ITEMNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIES_SURGICAL(ITEMNO) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
 ALTER TABLE REQUISITION ADD CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_NONSURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(ITEMNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL(ITEMNO) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

 INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES('000001', '345000', 'Julie Wood', '8', '888520', 2, '27-FEB-2018', '15-MAR-2018');
 INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES('000002', '345000', 'Julie Wood', '8', '923956', 1, '25-FEB-2018', '28-FEB-2018');
 INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES('000003', '345000', 'Julie Wood', '8', '054802', 3, '20-FEB-2018', '22-FEB-2018');

 INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES ('823456', '100001', 'Zanax', 'Anti Depressant', 8, 2, 100.50, '50mg');
 INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES ('923956', '100001', 'Zupridol', 'Blood Pressure Treatment', 12, 5, 50, '20mg');
 INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES ('003952', '200001', 'Amibreezax', 'Antifungal Ear Wax', 2, 1, 200, '5g');
 INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES ('004955', '200001', 'Ambridax', 'Blood Fungus Treatment', 5, 10, 20, '2mg');

 INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_SURGICAL VALUES ('054802', 'Scalpel', 'Scalping Tool', 20, 10, 200.42, '100001');
 INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_SURGICAL VALUES ('634520', 'Stitches', 'Suture Tool', 100, 10, 2.50, '200001');

 INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL VALUES ('888520', 'Cart', '5ftx2ftx3ft', 2, 0, 200.00, '100001');
 INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL VALUES ('000423', 'Tool Holder', 'Holds Inspection Equip.', 4, 2, 50.00, '100001');

 INSERT INTO STAFF_CHARGENURSE VALUES('345000', '32 Stark St. Portland, OR', 'Charge Nurse', 8000.99, 'Head Trauma');
 INSERT INTO STAFF_CHARGENURSE VALUES('246000', '18 Wilson Rd Portland, OR', 'Charge Nurse', 6000, 'Epidermus');

 INSERT INTO SUPPLIER VALUES ('100001','Company A', '503-222-3333', '100 SE Stark Rd Portland, OR', '503-666-4444');
 INSERT INTO SUPPLIER VALUES ('200001','Company B', '666-333-4444', '500 SE Bilerica Rd Akron, OH', '666-444-3333');

 COMMIT;

Answer 1

编辑：

将SUPPLIES_SURGICAL和SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL合并为一个SUPPLIES表，并将PHARMA_DOSAGE定义为其下的子表。

现在SUPPLIES行必须是手术或非手术，可以实现为Y / N标志并由检查约束强制执行。（但是，一个可能的问题是，该模型不会阻止您为手术项目添加剂量。）

在下文中，我已将ITEMNO设为整数并修正了CHAR列。您可以考虑查看以NO结尾的所有列的数据类型，特别是如果它们将按顺序生成。我还会生成所有生成的PK列标识列，但我会将详细信息留给您。

create table supplier
( supplierno      integer primary key );

create table supplies
( itemno          integer
                  constraint supplies_pk primary key
, supplierno      constraint supplies_supplier_fk references supplier(supplierno)
, name            varchar2(25) not null
, description     varchar2(25) null
, quantityinstock integer
, reorderlevel    integer
, costperunit     number(6,2)
, is_surgical     varchar2(1) not null
                  constraint supplies_surgical_yn_chk check(is_surgical in ('Y','N')) );

create table pharma_dosage
( itemno          constraint pharma_supplies_fk references supplies(itemno)
                  constraint pharma_supplies_pk primary key
, dosage          varchar2(12) not null );

create table staff_chargenurse
( staffno         varchar2(6)
                  constraint staffno_chnurse_pk primary key
, address         varchar2(25)
, position        varchar2(12)
, budget          number(6,2)
, specialty       varchar2(12) );

create table requisition
( reqno           varchar2(6)
                  constraint reqno_pk primary key
, staffno         constraint staffno_req_fk references staff_chargenurse(staffno)
, staffname       varchar2(25)
, wardno          varchar2(6)
, itemno          constraint itemno_supplies_fk references supplies(itemno)
, quantity        integer
, dateordered     date
, daterecieved    date );

insert into supplier values ('100001');
insert into supplier values ('200001');

insert into supplies (itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical) values (823456, '100001', 'Zanax', 'Anti Depressant', 8, 2, 100.50, 'N');
insert into supplies (itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical) values (923956, '100001', 'Zupridol', 'Blood Pressure Treatment', 12, 5, 50, 'N');
insert into supplies (itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical) values (003952, '200001', 'Amibreezax', 'Antifungal Ear Wax', 2, 1, 200, 'N');
insert into supplies (itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical) values (004955, '200001', 'Ambridax', 'Blood Fungus Treatment', 5, 10, 20, 'N');

insert into pharma_dosage (itemno, dosage) values (823456, '50mg');
insert into pharma_dosage (itemno, dosage) values (923956, '20mg');
insert into pharma_dosage (itemno, dosage) values (003952, '5g');
insert into pharma_dosage (itemno, dosage) values (004955, '2mg');

insert into supplies (itemno, name, description, quantityinstock, reorderlevel, costperunit, supplierno, is_surgical) values (054802, 'Scalpel', 'Scalping Tool', 20, 10, 200.42, '100001', 'Y');
insert into supplies (itemno, name, description, quantityinstock, reorderlevel, costperunit, supplierno, is_surgical) values (634520, 'Stitches', 'Suture Tool', 100, 10, 2.50, '200001', 'Y');

insert into supplies (itemno, name, description, quantityinstock, reorderlevel, costperunit, supplierno, is_surgical) values (888520, 'Cart', '5ftx2ftx3ft', 2, 0, 200.00, '100001', 'N');
insert into supplies (itemno, name, description, quantityinstock, reorderlevel, costperunit, supplierno, is_surgical) values (000423, 'Tool Holder', 'Holds Inspection Equip.', 4, 2, 50.00, '100001', 'N');

insert into staff_chargenurse values('345000', '32 Stark St. Portland, OR', 'Charge Nurse', 8000.99, 'Head Trauma');
insert into staff_chargenurse values('246000', '18 Wilson Rd Portland, OR', 'Charge Nurse', 6000, 'Epidermus');

insert into requisition (reqno, staffno, staffname, wardno, itemno, quantity, dateordered, daterecieved) values('000001', '345000', 'Julie Wood', '8', 888520, 2, date '2018-02-27', date '2018-03-15');
insert into requisition (reqno, staffno, staffname, wardno, itemno, quantity, dateordered, daterecieved) values('000002', '345000', 'Julie Wood', '8', 823456, 1, date '2018-02-25', date '2018-02-28');
insert into requisition (reqno, staffno, staffname, wardno, itemno, quantity, dateordered, daterecieved) values('000003', '345000', 'Julie Wood', '8', 054802, 3, date '2018-02-20', date '2018-02-22');

Answer 2

不幸的是（对于你的DDL代码）我必须同意@William Robertson - 你需要改变你的模型，因此，你需要完全重写你的DDL代码。原因如下：

从原始的DDL代码看一个反向工程模型，我们可以看到REQUISITION有3个（抱歉，4个）父表。这就是为什么它的插入总是因外键违规而失败的原因。你的模特：

以DDL代码的形式说明问题的简化示例可能如下所示：

create table parent1 ( id number primary key ) ; -- analogy: supplies_pharmaceutical
create table parent2 ( id number primary key ) ; -- analogy: supplies_nonsurgical
create table parent3 ( id number primary key ) ; -- analogy: supplies_surgical

create table child ( -- analogy: requisitions
  id number primary key
, parentid number 
);

alter table child add constraint fkey_parent1
foreign key ( parentid ) references parent1 ( id ) ;

alter table child add constraint fkey_parent2
foreign key ( parentid ) references parent2 ( id ) ;

alter table child add constraint fkey_parent3
foreign key ( parentid ) references parent3 ( id ) ;

begin
  insert into parent1 ( id ) values ( 1 ) ;
  insert into parent2 ( id ) values ( 2 ) ;
  insert into parent3 ( id ) values ( 3 ) ;
end ;
/

因此，填充我们的父表后，只需快速检查：

select 'parent1 (id) -> ' || id from parent1
union all
select 'parent2 (id) -> ' ||  id from parent2
union all
select 'parent3 (id) -> ' ||  id from parent3
;

-- result
'PARENT1(ID)->'||ID  
parent1 (id) -> 1    
parent2 (id) -> 2    
parent3 (id) -> 3

一切都好。现在我们想在子表中插入一些行。

insert into child ( id, parentid ) values ( 100, 1 ) ;
-- ORA-02291: integrity constraint (...FKEY_PARENT3) violated - parent key not found

insert into child ( id, parentid ) values ( 101, 2 ) ;
-- ORA-02291: integrity constraint (...FKEY_PARENT3) violated - parent key not found

insert into child ( id, parentid ) values ( 102, 3 ) ;
-- ORA-02291: integrity constraint (...FKEY_PARENT2) violated - parent key not found

您会看到正确的父表不仅仅是“自动选择”。

在William的模型OTOH中，REQUISITION只有一个父母（表）与“供应”有关。哪个应该使插入行更容易...见下文。

Answer 3

我们需要一些重新排列来抑制 ORA-02291 错误：

首先， INSERT 语句应以＃结束分号。
应该存在一个名为 SUPPLIER 的表来引用。
创建没有 FOREIGN KEYS 的表格，并在创建所有表格之后， ALTER 表包含 FOREIGN KEYS 。为了在INSERT操作期间抑制数据不一致，我们需要创建 FOREIGN KEYS 作为 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED （通过以下方式，我们不会遇到任何错误，即使在结束COMMIT发布）。

我认为，您最好将 SUPPLIERNO 列存储为 INT（EGER）或 NUMBER ，而不是 CHAR 。此外，不推荐使用 CHAR 数据类型，最好将它们转换为 VARCHAR2 。

因此，请使用以下一系列操作（在底部，我更改了 REQUISITION 的某些值，以免违反外部约束）：

    CREATE TABLE SUPPLIER
    (SUPPLIERNO   INT,
     SUPPLIERNAME VARCHAR2(100),
     CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_SSPL_PK PRIMARY KEY(SUPPLIERNO));

    CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL
    (ITEMNO         INT,
    SUPPLIERNO      INT,
    NAME            VARCHAR2(25),
    DESCRIPTION     VARCHAR2(25),
    QUANTITYINSTOCK INT,
    REORDERLEVEL    INT,
    COSTPERUNIT     DECIMAL(6,2),
    DOSAGE          VARCHAR2(12),
    CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_PHAR_PK PRIMARY KEY(ITEMNO));

    CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_SURGICAL
    (ITEMNO         INT,
    NAME            VARCHAR2(25),
    DESCRIPTION     VARCHAR2(25),
    QUANTITYINSTOCK INT,
    REORDERLEVEL    INT,
    COSTPERUNIT     DECIMAL(6,2),
    SUPPLIERNO      INT,
    CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_SUP_PK PRIMARY KEY(ITEMNO));

    CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL
    (ITEMNO         INT,
    NAME            VARCHAR2(25),
    DESCRIPTION     VARCHAR2(25),  
    QUANTITYINSTOCK INT,
    REORDERLEVEL    INT,
    COSTPERUNIT     DECIMAL(6,2),
    SUPPLIERNO      INT,
    CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_NONSURG_PK PRIMARY KEY(ITEMNO));

    CREATE TABLE STAFF_CHARGENURSE
    (STAFFNO   INT,
     ADDRESS   VARCHAR2(25),
     POSITION  VARCHAR2(12),
     BUDGET    DECIMAL(6,2),
     SPECIALTY VARCHAR2(12),
     CONSTRAINT STAFFNO_CHNURSE_PK PRIMARY KEY(STAFFNO));

     ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_PHA_FK FOREIGN KEY(SUPPLIERNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIER(SUPPLIERNO) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
     ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_SURGICAL ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_SURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(SUPPLIERNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIER(SUPPLIERNO) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
     ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_NONSURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(SUPPLIERNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIER(SUPPLIERNO) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

     INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES (888520, 100001, 'Zanax', 'Anti Depressant', 8, 2, 100.50, '50mg');
     INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES (923956, 100001, 'Zupridol', 'Blood Pressure Treatment', 12, 5, 50, '20mg');
     INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES (634520, 200001, 'Amibreezax', 'Antifungal Ear Wax', 2, 1, 200, '5g');
     INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES (4955, 200001, 'Ambridax', 'Blood Fungus Treatment', 5, 10, 20, '2mg');

     INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_SURGICAL VALUES (888520, 'Scalpel', 'Scalping Tool', 20, 10, 200.42, 100001);
     INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_SURGICAL VALUES (634520, 'Stitches', 'Suture Tool', 100, 10, 2.50, 200001);

     INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL VALUES (888520, 'Cart', '5ftx2ftx3ft', 2, 0, 200.00, 100001);
     INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL VALUES (634520, 'Tool Holder', 'Holds Inspection Equip.', 4, 2, 50.00, 100001);


     INSERT INTO STAFF_CHARGENURSE VALUES(345000, '32 Stark St. Portland, OR', 'Charge Nurse', 8000.99, 'Head Trauma');
     INSERT INTO STAFF_CHARGENURSE VALUES(246000, '18 Wilson Rd Portland, OR', 'Charge Nurse', 6000, 'Epidermus');

     INSERT INTO SUPPLIER VALUES (100001,'Company A');
     INSERT INTO SUPPLIER VALUES (200001,'Company B');

     CREATE TABLE REQUISITION
     (REQNO       INT,
     STAFFNO      INT,
     STAFFNAME    VARCHAR2(25),
     WARDNO       INT,
     ITEMNO       INT,
     QUANTITY     INT,
     DATEORDERED  DATE,
     DATERECIEVED DATE,
     CONSTRAINT REQNO_PK PRIMARY KEY(REQNO),
     CONSTRAINT STAFFNO_REQ_FK FOREIGN KEY(STAFFNO) REFERENCES STAFF_CHARGENURSE(STAFFNO),
     CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_PHAR_FK FOREIGN KEY(ITEMNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL(ITEMNO),
     CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_SURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(ITEMNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIES_SURGICAL(ITEMNO),
     CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_NONSURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(ITEMNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL(ITEMNO));
     INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES(1, 345000, 'Julie Wood', 8, 888520, 2, '27-FEB-2018', '15-MAR-2018');
     INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES(2, 345000, 'Julie Wood', 8, 634520, 1, '25-FEB-2018', '28-FEB-2018');
     INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES(3, 345000, 'Julie Wood', 8, 634520, 3, '20-FEB-2018', '22-FEB-2018');

     COMMIT;

Answer 4

这个答案与你的问题有关，为什么你的延迟约束的更新定义仍然会导致FK违规。

在尝试提交之前插入行之后：

n_estimators

项select r.reqno, r.itemno , sp.name as pharmaceutical , ss.name as surgical , sn.name as nonsurgical from requisition r left join supplies_pharmaceutical sp on sp.itemno = r.itemno left join supplies_surgical ss on ss.itemno = r.itemno left join supplies_nonsurgical sn on sn.itemno = r.itemno; REQNO ITEMNO PHARMACEUTICAL SURGICAL NONSURGICAL ------- ------- --------------- --------------- --------------- 000001 888520 Cart 000002 923956 Zupridol 000003 054802 Scalpel违反了约束888520，因为它未在父表ITEMNO_PHAR_FK中定义：

SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL

它也违反了ALTER TABLE REQUISITION ADD CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_PHAR_FK FOREIGN KEY(ITEMNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL(ITEMNO) ...，因为ITEMNO_SURG_FK不在父表888520中：

SUPPLIES_SURGICAL

等等。每个申请行违反了两个约束。将约束定义为延迟不会改变除错误时间之外的任何内容。

为了满足您的FK定义，每个itemno都需要存在于所有三个耗材表中。

如果您确实需要三个耗材表，则需要三个独立的耗材列，每个列都有自己的FK到相应的表。

（你真的应该将那些ALTER TABLE REQUISITION ADD CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_SURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(ITEMNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIES_SURGICAL(ITEMNO) ...列更改为标准字符串类型。CHAR在Oracle数据库中没有位置，它纯粹是出于奇怪的可移植性和ANSI完整性要求，而不是你的类型实际上应该使用。）

SQL错误＆＃39;未找到父密钥＆＃39;不正确使用的外键？

4 个答案: