一直试图在我的游戏中添加一个得分系统，但我不断得到一个奇怪的错误，现在我很难过。这是代码：
##Space Invaders##
import pygame
import sys
from random import shuffle
from pygame.locals import *
##CONSTANTS##
## Colors ##
GRAY = (100,100,100)
NAVYBLUE = (60,60,100)
WHITE = (255,255,255)
RED = (255,0,0)
GREEN = (0,255,0)
BLUE = (0,0,255)
YELLOW = (255,255,0)
ORANGE = (255,128,0)
PURPLE = (255,0,255)
CYAN = (0,255,255)
BLACK = (0,0,0)
NEARBLACK = (19,15,48)
COMBLUE = (233,232,255)
## Player ##
PLAYERWIDTH = 40
PLAYERHEIGHT = 10
PLAYERCOLOR = COMBLUE
PLAYER1 = 'Player 1'
PLAYERSPEED = 5
PLAYERCOLOR = GREEN
## Display ##
GAMETITLE =('SPACE INVADERS')
DISPLAYWIDTH = 640
DISPLAYHEIGHT = 480
BGCOLOR = NEARBLACK
XMARGIN = 50
YMARGIN = 50
## Bullet ##
BULLETWIDTH = 5
BULLETHEIGHT = 5
BULLETOFFSET = 700
## Enemy ##
ENEMYWIDTH = 25
ENEMYHEIGHT = 25
ENEMYNAME = 'Enemy'
ENEMYGAP = 20
ARRAYWIDTH = 10
ARRAYHEIGHT = 4
MOVETIME = 1000
MOVEX = 10
MOVEY = ENEMYHEIGHT
TIMEOFFSET = 300
## SCORE ##
score=0
## This allows for shooting bullets while moving without
## the inputs interupting each other.
DIRECT_DICT = {pygame.K_LEFT : (-1),
pygame.K_RIGHT : (1)}
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.width = PLAYERWIDTH
self.height = PLAYERHEIGHT
self.image = pygame.Surface((self.width, self.height))
self.color = PLAYERCOLOR
self.image.fill(self.color)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.name = PLAYER1
self.speed = PLAYERSPEED
self.vectorx = 0
def update(self, keys, *args):
for key in DIRECT_DICT:
if keys[key]:
self.rect.x += DIRECT_DICT[key] * self.speed
self.checkForSide()
self.image.fill(self.color)
def checkForSide(self):
if self.rect.right > DISPLAYWIDTH:
self.rect.right = DISPLAYWIDTH
self.vectorx = 0
elif self.rect.left < 0:
self.rect.left = 0
self.vectorx = 0
class Blocker(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, side, color, row, column):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.width = side
self.height = side
self.color = color
self.image = pygame.Surface((self.width, self.height))
self.image.fill(self.color)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.name = 'blocker'
self.row = row
self.column = column
class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, rect, color, vectory, speed):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.width = BULLETWIDTH
self.height = BULLETHEIGHT
self.color = color
self.image = pygame.Surface((self.width, self.height))
self.image.fill(self.color)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.centerx = rect.centerx
self.rect.top = rect.bottom
self.name = 'bullet'
self.vectory = vectory
self.speed = speed
def update(self, *args):
self.oldLocation = (self.rect.x, self.rect.y)
self.rect.y += self.vectory * self.speed
if self.rect.bottom < 0:
self.kill()
elif self.rect.bottom > 500:
self.kill()
class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, row, column):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.width = ENEMYWIDTH
self.height = ENEMYHEIGHT
self.row = row
self.column = column
self.image = self.setImage()
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.name = 'enemy'
self.vectorx = 1
self.moveNumber = 0
self.moveTime = MOVETIME
self.timeOffset = row * TIMEOFFSET
self.timer = pygame.time.get_ticks() - self.timeOffset
def update(self, keys, currentTime):
if currentTime - self.timer > self.moveTime:
if self.moveNumber < 6:
self.rect.x += MOVEX * self.vectorx
self.moveNumber += 1
elif self.moveNumber >= 6:
self.vectorx *= -1
self.moveNumber = 0
self.rect.y += MOVEY
if self.moveTime > 100:
self.moveTime -= 50
self.timer = currentTime
def setImage(self):
if self.row == 0:
image = pygame.image.load('alien1.png')
elif self.row == 1:
image = pygame.image.load('alien2.png')
elif self.row == 2:
image = pygame.image.load('alien3.png')
else:
image = pygame.image.load('alien1.png')
image.convert_alpha()
image = pygame.transform.scale(image, (self.width, self.height))
return image
class Text(object):
def __init__(self, font, size, message, color, rect, surface):
self.font = pygame.font.Font(font, size)
self.message = message
self.surface = self.font.render(self.message, True, color)
self.rect = self.surface.get_rect()
self.setRect(rect)
def setRect(self,rect):
self.rect.centerx = rect.centerx - 5
self.rect.centery = rect.centery - 5
def draw(self, surface):
surface.blit(self.surface, self.rect)
class App(object):
def __init__(self):
pygame.init()
self.displaySurf, self.displayRect = self.makeScreen()
self.gameStart = True
self.gameOver = False
self.gameWon = False
self.beginGame = False
self.laserSound = pygame.mixer.Sound('laser.ogg')
self.startLaser = pygame.mixer.Sound('alienLaser.ogg')
self.playIntroSound = True
def resetGame(self):
self.gameStart = True
self.needToMakeEnemies = True
self.introMessage1 = Text('orena.ttf', 50,'Space Invaders',GREEN, self.displayRect,self.displaySurf)
self.introMessage2 = Text('orena.ttf', 25,'Press Space to Continue',GREEN, self.displayRect,self.displaySurf)
self.introMessage2.rect.top = self.introMessage1.rect.bottom + 5
self.gameOverMessage = Text('orena.ttf', 50,'GAME OVER',GREEN, self.displayRect,self.displaySurf)
self.gameWinMessage = Text('orena.ttf',50,'Congrats You Won',GREEN,self.displayRect,self.displaySurf)
self.gameWinMessage2 = Text('orena.ttf', 30,'Click Space to return to the menu',GREEN, self.displayRect,self.displaySurf)
self.gameWinMessage2.rect.top = self.gameWinMessage.rect.bottom + 5
self.scoreText = Text('orena.ttf',10,'Score:',WHITE,self.displayRect,self.displaySurf)
self.player = self.makePlayer()
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.greenBullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.blockerGroup1 = self.makeBlockers(0)
self.blockerGroup2 = self.makeBlockers(1)
self.blockerGroup3 = self.makeBlockers(2)
self.blockerGroup4 = self.makeBlockers(3)
self.allBlockers = pygame.sprite.Group(self.blockerGroup1, self.blockerGroup2,self.blockerGroup3, self.blockerGroup4)
self.allSprites = pygame.sprite.Group(self.player, self.allBlockers)
self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
self.fps = 60
self.score = score
self.enemyMoves = 0
self.enemyBulletTimer = pygame.time.get_ticks()
self.gameOver = False
self.gameWon = False
self.gameOverTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()
self.gameWinTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()
if self.playIntroSound:
self.startLaser.play()
self.playIntroSound = False
def makeBlockers(self, number=1):
blockerGroup = pygame.sprite.Group()
for row in range(5):
for column in range(7):
blocker = Blocker(10, GREEN, row, column)
blocker.rect.x = 50 + (150 * number) + (column * blocker.width)
blocker.rect.y = 375 + (row * blocker.height)
blockerGroup.add(blocker)
for blocker in blockerGroup:
if (blocker.column == 0 and blocker.row == 0
or blocker.column == 6 and blocker.row == 0):
blocker.kill()
return blockerGroup
def checkForEnemyBullets(self):
redBulletsGroup = pygame.sprite.Group()
for bullet in self.bullets:
if bullet.color == RED:
redBulletsGroup.add(bullet)
for bullet in redBulletsGroup:
if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(bullet, self.player):
if self.player.color == GREEN:
self.player.color = YELLOW
elif self.player.color == YELLOW:
self.player.color = RED
elif self.player.color == RED:
self.gameOver = True
self.gameOverTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()
bullet.kill()
def shootEnemyBullet(self, rect):
if (pygame.time.get_ticks() - self.enemyBulletTimer) > BULLETOFFSET:
self.bullets.add(Bullet(rect, RED, 1, 5))
self.allSprites.add(self.bullets)
self.enemyBulletTimer = pygame.time.get_ticks()
def findEnemyShooter(self):
columnList = []
for enemy in self.enemies:
columnList.append(enemy.column)
#get rid of duplicate columns
columnSet = set(columnList)
columnList = list(columnSet)
shuffle(columnList)
column = columnList[0]
enemyList = []
rowList = []
for enemy in self.enemies:
if enemy.column == column:
rowList.append(enemy.row)
row = max(rowList)
for enemy in self.enemies:
if enemy.column == column and enemy.row == row:
self.shooter = enemy
def makeScreen(self):
pygame.display.set_caption(GAMETITLE)
displaySurf = pygame.display.set_mode((DISPLAYWIDTH, DISPLAYHEIGHT))
displayRect = displaySurf.get_rect()
displaySurf.fill(BGCOLOR)
displaySurf.convert()
return displaySurf, displayRect
def makePlayer(self):
player = Player()
#Place the player centerx and five pixels from the bottom
player.rect.centerx = self.displayRect.centerx
player.rect.bottom = self.displayRect.bottom - 5
return player
def makeEnemies(self):
enemies = pygame.sprite.Group()
for row in range(ARRAYHEIGHT):
for column in range(ARRAYWIDTH):
enemy = Enemy(row, column)
enemy.rect.x = XMARGIN + (column * (ENEMYWIDTH + ENEMYGAP))
enemy.rect.y = YMARGIN + (row * (ENEMYHEIGHT + ENEMYGAP))
enemies.add(enemy)
return enemies
def checkInput(self):
for event in pygame.event.get():
self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if event.type == QUIT:
self.terminate()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_SPACE and len(self.greenBullets) < 1:
if self.score < 1000:
bullet = Bullet(self.player.rect, GREEN, -1, 20)
self.greenBullets.add(bullet)
self.bullets.add(self.greenBullets)
self.allSprites.add(self.bullets)
self.laserSound.play()
elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:
self.terminate()
def calculate_score(self, row):
scores = {0: 30,
1: 20,
2: 20,
3: 10,
4: 10,
5: choice([50, 100, 150, 300])
}
score = scores[row]
self.score += score
return score
def gameStartInput(self):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
self.terminate()
elif event.type == KEYUP:
self.gameWon = False
self.gameOver = False
self.gameStart = False
self.beginGame = True
def gameOverInput(self):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
self.terminate()
elif event.type == KEYUP:
self.gameStart = True
self.beginGame = False
self.gameOver = False
self.gameWon = False
def gameWonInput(self):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
self.terminate()
elif event.type == KEYUP:
self.gameStart = True
self.beginGame = False
self.gameOver = False
self.gameWon = False
def checkCollisions(self):
self.checkForEnemyBullets()
enemiesdict = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.enemies, True, True)
if enemiesdict:
for value in enemiesdict.values():
for currentSprite in value:
self.killedRow = currentSprite.row
self.killedColumn = currentSprite.column
score = self.calculate_score(currentSprite.row)
self.enemies.remove(currentSprite)
self.allSprites.remove(currentSprite)
pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.enemies, self.allBlockers, False, True)
self.collide_green_blockers()
self.collide_red_blockers()
def collide_green_blockers(self):
for bullet in self.greenBullets:
casting = Bullet(self.player.rect, GREEN, -1, 20)
casting.rect = bullet.rect.copy()
for pixel in range(bullet.speed):
hit = pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(casting,self.allBlockers)
if hit:
hit.kill()
bullet.kill()
break
casting.rect.y -= 1
def collide_red_blockers(self):
reds = (shot for shot in self.bullets if shot.color == RED)
red_bullets = pygame.sprite.Group(reds)
pygame.sprite.groupcollide(red_bullets, self.allBlockers, True, True)
def checkGameOver(self):
if len(self.enemies) == 0:
self.gameWon = True
self.gameStart = False
self.beginGame = False
self.gameOverTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()
self.gameWinTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()
else:
for enemy in self.enemies:
if enemy.rect.bottom > DISPLAYHEIGHT:
self.gameOver = True
self.gameStart = False
self.beginGame = False
self.gameOverTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()
def terminate(self):
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
def mainLoop(self):
while True:
if self.gameStart:
self.resetGame()
self.gameOver = False
self.displaySurf.fill(BGCOLOR)
self.introMessage1.draw(self.displaySurf)
self.introMessage2.draw(self.displaySurf)
self.scoreText2 = Text('orena.ttf', 20, str(self.score), GREEN, 85, 5)
self.scoreText.draw(self.screen)
self.scoreText2.draw(self.screen)
self.gameStartInput()
pygame.display.update()
elif self.gameOver:
self.playIntroSound = True
self.displaySurf.fill(BGCOLOR)
self.gameOverMessage.draw(self.displaySurf)
#prevent users from exiting the GAME OVER screen
#too quickly
if (pygame.time.get_ticks() - self.gameOverTime) > 2000:
self.gameOverInput()
pygame.display.update()
elif self.gameWon:
self.gameOver = False
self.playIntroSound = True
self.displaySurf.fill(BGCOLOR)
self.gameWinMessage.draw(self.displaySurf)
self.gameWinMessage2.draw(self.displaySurf)
if (pygame.time.get_ticks() - self.gameWinTime) > 2000:
self.gameWonInput()
pygame.display.update()
elif self.beginGame:
if self.needToMakeEnemies:
self.enemies = self.makeEnemies()
self.allSprites.add(self.enemies)
self.needToMakeEnemies = False
pygame.event.clear()
else:
currentTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()
self.displaySurf.fill(BGCOLOR)
self.checkInput()
self.allSprites.update(self.keys, currentTime)
self.scoreText2 = Text('orena.ttf', 20, str(self.score), WHITE, 85, 5)
self.scoreText.draw(self.screen)
self.scoreText2.draw(self.screen)
if len(self.enemies) > 0:
self.findEnemyShooter()
self.shootEnemyBullet(self.shooter.rect)
self.checkCollisions()
self.allSprites.draw(self.displaySurf)
self.blockerGroup1.draw(self.displaySurf)
pygame.display.update()
self.checkGameOver()
self.clock.tick(self.fps)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = App()
app.mainLoop()
错误（第178行）：
AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'centerx'
可以更改/替换图片，声音文件等游戏文件。如果您需要这些文件，请告诉我。但是，如果我可以将这些保密，我更愿意。 提前致谢！任何帮助表示赞赏。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
在这堂课中：
class Text(object):
def __init__(self, font, size, message, color, rect, surface):
在init中你有：
self.rect = self.surface.get_rect()
self.setRect(rect)
请注意，您正在设置self.rect，但会将rect发送到该功能
应该是
self.rect = self.surface.get_rect()
self.setRect(self.rect)
此问题也来自此次电话：
self.scoreText2 = Text('orena.ttf', 20, str(self.score), GREEN, 85, 5)
大多数地方你通过发送类似的东西来称呼它
self.introMessage1 = Text('orena.ttf', 50,'Space Invaders',GREEN, self.displayRect,self.displaySurf)
self.displayRect有一个中心。 int 85没有。
调试
阅读并理解您的错误消息：
它告诉您rect是int，但您期望rect类型。打印您的值，直到找到从正确到错误的位置，以缩小问题范围。
此外，通过创建一个Minimal，Complete和Verifiable示例，很多噪音消失了，您可以专注于您的问题，并且经常可以自己捕获这些错误。