Question

我正在尝试组织一个包含驱动程序信息的XML文档。这是我正在使用的示例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<IncludeFragment xmlns:p="http://schemas.microsoft.com/someschema">> 
  <FFUDriver>
    <Component>
      <Package>
        <p:PackageName>Intel.Display.Driver</PackageName>
        <p:PackageFeedName>Feed</PackageFeedName>
        <p:Version>10.24.0.1638</Version>
        <p:Flavor>release</Flavor>
      </Package>
    </Component>
  </FFUDriver>
  <FFUDriver>
    <Component>
      <Package>
        <p:PackageName>Intel.Audio.Driver</PackageName>
        <p:PackageFeedName>Feed</PackageFeedName>
        <p:Flavor>release</Flavor>
        <p:Version>10.24.0.1638</Version>
        <p:CabName>Intel.Audio.cab</CabName>
      </Package>
    </Component>
  </FFUDriver>
</IncludeFragment>

我需要按以下顺序对每个Packages元素进行排序：

PackageName
PackageFeedName
版本
香料

某些Packages元素已经按照正确的顺序排列，而有些则没有，例如在我的示例XML代码中。同样，每个Package都需要基于PackageName按字母顺序排序。我是在PowerShell中使用XML的新手，我一生都无法弄清楚如何做到这一点。

另一个要求是查找并删除所有<CabName>元素。我有点想通了。我下面的代码不幸地删除了<Package>元素的所有子元素，如果其子元素之一是<CabName>。我似乎无法弄清楚仅选择和删除<CabName>的语法。

$Path = 'C:\Drivers.xml'
$xml = New-Object -TypeName XML
$xml.Load($Path)

$xml.SelectNodes('//Package[CabName]') | ForEach-Object {
    $_.ParentNode.RemoveChild($_)
}

$xml.Save('C:\Test.xml')

更新：在Ansgar Wiechers的帮助下，这是完成的代码。我更新了示例XML数据以包含名称空间，因为我使用的某些文档包含它们。以下代码处理名称空间。希望对其他有类似问题的人有所帮助！

[CmdletBinding()]
Param
(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, Position = 0)]
    [ValidateScript({
        $_ = $_ -replace '"', ""
        if (-Not (Test-Path -Path $_ -PathType Leaf))
        {
            Throw "`n `n$_ `n `nThe specified file or path does not exist. Check the file name and path, and then try again."
        }
        return $True
    })]
    [System.String]$XMLPath,

    [Parameter(Mandatory = $False, Position = 1)]
    [System.String]$nsPrefix = "p",

    [Parameter(Mandatory = $False, Position = 2)]
    [System.String]$nsURI = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/someschema"
)


# Remove quotes from full path name, if they are present
$XMLPath = $XMLPath -replace '"', ""


$xml = New-Object -TypeName XML
$xml.Load($XMLPath)
$ns = New-Object System.Xml.XmlNamespaceManager($xml.NameTable)
$ns.AddNamespace($nsPrefix, $nsURI)


# Delete all CabName elements
$xml.SelectNodes('//p:CabName', $ns) | ForEach-Object {

    $_.ParentNode.RemoveChild($_) | Out-Null
}


# Sort each Package element's child nodes based on custom order
$SortList = 'p:PackageName', 'p:PackageFeedName', 'p:Version', 'p:Flavor'

$xml.SelectNodes('//Package') | ForEach-Object {

    $parent = $_

    $SortList | ForEach-Object {

        $child = $parent.RemoveChild($parent.SelectSingleNode("./$_", $ns))
        $parent.AppendChild($child)
    }
} | Out-Null


# Sort each Package element in alphabetical order based on its child node PackageName
$PackageNameList = $xml.SelectNodes('//p:PackageName', $ns) | Select-Object -Expand '#text' | Sort-Object

$xml.SelectNodes('//IncludeFragment') | ForEach-Object {

    $parent = $_

    $PackageNameList | ForEach-Object {

        $child = $parent.RemoveChild($parent.SelectSingleNode("./FFUDriver[Component/Package/p:PackageName/text()='$_']", $ns))
        $parent.AppendChild($child)
    }
} | Out-Null


$XMLPath = $XMLPath -replace ".xml", "_sorted.xml"

$xml.Save($XMLPath)

Write-Host "`nSorting complete. Sorted XML document saved under $XMLPath" -ForegroundColor Green

Answer 1

您拥有的代码将删除所有具有子元素<Package>的{{1}}节点，而不仅仅是此类节点的所有子元素。这是因为<CabName>与包含//Package[CabName]个子节点的所有<Package>节点匹配。您真正想要匹配的是所有具有<CabName>父节点的<CabName>节点。

<Package>

此外，通常XML中元素的顺序无关紧要，因此对元素进行排序是毫无意义的。但是，如果由于某种原因必须按特定顺序设置子节点，则可以通过按所需顺序删除和附加元素来对元素进行排序。

$xml.SelectNodes('./Package/CabName') | ForEach-Object {
    $_.ParentNode.RemoveChild($_) | Out-Null
}

如果还希望按包名称对# names of the child nodes in the desired order $nodenames = 'PackageName', 'PackageFeedName', 'Version', 'Flavor' $xml.SelectNodes('//Package') | ForEach-Object { $parent = $_ $nodenames | ForEach-Object { $child = $parent.RemoveChild($parent.SelectSingleNode("./$_")) $parent.AppendChild($child) } }节点进行排序，则首先需要构建包名称的排序列表：

<Driver>

，然后使用与上述相同的技术从$xml.SelectNodes('//PackageName') | Select-Object -Expand '#text' | Sort-Object节点中删除<Driver>节点并将其附加到<Drivers>节点。在这种情况下，您必须使用过滤器模式

"./Driver[Component/Package/PackageName/text()='$_']"

Answer 2

此作业不需要XML转换：

$xml = @"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <Drivers> 
  <Driver>
    <Component>
      <Package>
        <PackageName>Intel.Display.Driver</PackageName>
        <PackageFeedName>Feed</PackageFeedName>
        <Version>10.24.0.1638</Version>
        <Flavor>release</Flavor>
      </Package>
    </Component>
  </Driver>
  <Driver>
    <Component>
      <Package>
        <PackageName>Intel.Audio.Driver</PackageName>
        <PackageFeedName>Feed</PackageFeedName>
        <Flavor>release</Flavor>
        <Version>10.24.0.1638</Version>
        <CabName>Intel.Audio.cab</CabName>
      </Package>
    </Component>
  </Driver>
</Drivers>
"@

$XMLSorted = [System.Text.StringBuilder]::new()

$packageName     = ''
$packageFeedName = ''
$version         = ''
$flavor          = ''

foreach( $line in @($xml -split [Environment]::NewLine) ) {

    if( $line -like '*<PackageName>*' ) {
        $packageName = $line
    }
    elseif( $line -like '*<PackageFeedName>*' ) {
        $packageFeedName = $line
    }
    elseif( $line -like '*<Version>*' ) {
        $version = $line
    }
    elseif( $line -like '*<Flavor>*' ) {
        $flavor = $line
    }
    elseif( $line -like '*<CabName>*' ) {
        # nothing to do
    }
    elseif( $line -like '*</Package>*' ) {
        [void]$XMLSorted.AppendLine( $packageName )
        [void]$XMLSorted.AppendLine( $packageFeedName )
        [void]$XMLSorted.AppendLine( $version )
        [void]$XMLSorted.AppendLine( $flavor )
        [void]$XMLSorted.AppendLine( $line )
    }
    else {
        [void]$XMLSorted.AppendLine( $line )
    }
}

#Result:
$XMLSorted.ToString()

使用PowerShell排序和删除XML文档元素

2 个答案: