我能够在Python中使用Selenium来运行Firefox Webdriver，但是当我在添加“ -headless”选项的同时尝试相同的代码时，会回溯到"SessionNotCreatedException: Message: Unable to find a matching set of capabilities"。
是否有可能使其正常运行，有人可以分享他们的工作方式吗？
这是我正在运行的：
我的文件：
import os
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
# executable path == '/Users/helloorange/geckodriver'
executable_path = os.path.expanduser("~/geckodriver")
# firefox_profile == '/Users/helloorange/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profiles/k9a5czjm.Default User'
firefox_profile = "%s/%s" % (os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profiles"), os.listdir(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profiles"))[0])
firefox_binary = FirefoxBinary("/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox") # Folder for Firefox v 57
os.system("chmod a+x '%s'"%executable_path)
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.binary = firefox_binary
options.profile = firefox_profile
wd = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=executable_path, firefox_profile=firefox_profile, firefox_binary=firefox_binary, firefox_options=options, log_path="geckodriver.log")
wd.get('http://google.com/')
print(wd.current_url)
wd.quit()
我的回溯：
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SessionNotCreatedException Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-8fdf4535f36e> in <module>()
23 options.profile = firefox_profile
24
---> 25 wd = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=executable_path, firefox_profile=firefox_profile, firefox_binary=firefox_binary, firefox_options=options, log_path="geckodriver.log")#,capabilities=capabilities)
26 wd.get('http://google.com/')
27 print(wd.current_url)
~/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py in __init__(self, firefox_profile, firefox_binary, timeout, capabilities, proxy, executable_path, options, log_path, firefox_options, service_args)
160 command_executor=executor,
161 desired_capabilities=capabilities,
--> 162 keep_alive=True)
163
164 # Selenium remote
~/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py in __init__(self, command_executor, desired_capabilities, browser_profile, proxy, keep_alive, file_detector, options)
152 warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set browser profile",
153 DeprecationWarning)
--> 154 self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
155 self._switch_to = SwitchTo(self)
156 self._mobile = Mobile(self)
~/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py in start_session(self, capabilities, browser_profile)
241 parameters = {"capabilities": w3c_caps,
242 "desiredCapabilities": capabilities}
--> 243 response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
244 if 'sessionId' not in response:
245 response = response['value']
~/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py in execute(self, driver_command, params)
310 response = self.command_executor.execute(driver_command, params)
311 if response:
--> 312 self.error_handler.check_response(response)
313 response['value'] = self._unwrap_value(
314 response.get('value', None))
~/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py in check_response(self, response)
240 alert_text = value['alert'].get('text')
241 raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace, alert_text)
--> 242 raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
243
244 def _value_or_default(self, obj, key, default):
SessionNotCreatedException: Message: Unable to find a matching set of capabilities
答案 0 :(得分：0)
根据mozilla网站，这是打开无头模式的方法：
from selenium.webdriver import Firefox
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as expected
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
if __name__ == "__main__":
options = Options()
options.add_argument('-headless')
driver = Firefox(executable_path='geckodriver', firefox_options=options)
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=10)
driver.get('http://www.google.com')
wait.until(expected.visibility_of_element_located((By.NAME, 'q'))).send_keys('headless firefox' + Keys.ENTER)
wait.until(expected.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#ires a'))).click()
print(driver.page_source)
driver.quit()
答案 1 :(得分：0)
基于@PJAutomator的答案，此结果在我的计算机上显示：
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1741, in <module>
main() File "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1735, in main
globals = debugger.run(setup['file'], None, None, is_module) File "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1135, in run
pydev_imports.execfile(file, globals, locals) # execute the script File "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/_pydev_imps/_pydev_execfile.py", line 18, in execfile
exec(compile(contents+"\n", file, 'exec'), glob, loc) File "/Users/nathan/Library/Preferences/PyCharmCE2018.3/scratches/scratch_2.py", line 23, in <module>
wait.until(expected.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#ires a'))).click() File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/support/wait.py", line 80, in until
raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace) selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException: Message: