好，所以我的工作是创建一个非常简单的GUI（我是实习生）。任务是最终连接到机器并处理真实数据，但是现在我正在处理带有噪声的随机生成的正弦数据。我选择在Python 3.0中工作，并使用wxpython创建我的GUI组件。
我希望所有内容都显示在同一窗口中，所以我使用的是面板（因此是wx.lib.plot.PlotCanvas而不是matplotlib.pyplot之类的东西）
我的问题是随着时间的流逝，情节似乎在面板之外“扩展”。当我手动调整窗口大小时，这是暂时解决的，但是此后立即再次恢复（您需要运行代码以了解我的意思）。
另一个问题（自从我开始编写代码以来，一直困扰着我）是有时当我手动调整窗口大小或最小化然后再次最大化时，计时器会随机启动和停止。
我已经尝试了各种方法（更改大小调整器的填充，额外的参数，更改两次刷新之间的时间GetBestSize（）），但我认为我只是不太了解wxpython来确定问题出在哪里 我真的很感激您可以就这些问题中的任何一个提供帮助（我不知道，它们甚至可能彼此关联）。
仅供参考：我不是一位经验丰富的编码员，我的代码还没有完成（我有更多的函数可以编码，但是我觉得我应该先解决这个问题）。我通过查看来自各种教程和网站（例如stackoverflow）的不同技术来构造此代码，因此我知道它的格式不正确，肯定可以提高效率。另外，为了安全起见，我删除了一些部分-没什么重要，只是消息中的字符串。
PS：如果您确实有一种更简单的方法来完成不存在此问题的整个绘图/更新操作（最好仍然在wx中），我也很高兴听到这一消息
这是我的代码：
编辑：通过使用self.p2.SetSize（（W + 0，L + 0））而不是（self.p2.GetBestSize（））解决了扩展问题
编辑：仅通过重新生成数据并在evt_timer函数中的现有画布上重绘数据，即可使转换更加平滑（而不是重新创建整个画布，如果您知道我的意思，它会呈现闪烁的外观）
import wx
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.optimize import leastsq
import wx.lib.plot as plot
import time
import os
wildcard = "Text File (*.txt)|*.txt|"\
"Picture (*.png)|*.png|"\
"All files (*.*)|*.*"#This wildcard shows the options for file endings in the "SAVE" tab - see OnSave(self,event)
wildcard2 = "Picture (*.png)|*.png|"\
"Text File (*.txt)|*.txt|"\
"All files (*.*)|*.*"
class PlotCanvas(plot.PlotCanvas):
def __init__(self,parent,id,size,accepted):
"""
This randomly generates sine data (with noise) and plots it to a panel.
Incorporated as a separate class instead of instatiating it as a plot.PlotCanvas object
to overcome an issue of the size of the plot in the panel.
"""
plot.PlotCanvas.__init__(self,parent,id,style=wx.BORDER_SUNKEN,size = size)
N = 100 # number of data points
self.t = np.linspace(0, 4*np.pi, N)
f = 1.15247 # Optional!! Advised not to use
self.data = 3.0*np.sin(f*self.t+0.001) + 0.5 + np.random.randn(N) # create artificial data with noise
guess_mean = np.mean(self.data)
guess_phase = 0
guess_freq = 1
guess_amp = 1
optimize_func = lambda x: x[0]*np.sin(x[1]*self.t+x[2]) + x[3] - self.data
est_amp, est_freq, est_phase, est_mean = leastsq(optimize_func, [guess_amp, guess_freq, guess_phase, guess_mean])[0]
fine_t = np.arange(0,max(self.t),0.1)
data_fit=est_amp*np.sin(est_freq*fine_t+est_phase)+est_mean
multiplier = 1
dataset1 = [(x,[d for d in self.data][[td for td in self.t].index(x)])for x in [td for td in self.t]]
fitdata1 = [(x,[df for df in data_fit][[tf for tf in fine_t].index(x)]) for x in [tf for tf in fine_t]]
dataset =[(x,y*multiplier) for (x,y) in dataset1]
fitdata = [(x,y*multiplier) for (x,y) in fitdata1]
self.data = dataset
self.data2 = fitdata
line = plot.PolyLine(self.data,legend = 'random',colour = 'light blue', width =2)
line2 = plot.PolyLine(self.data2,legend = 'sineline',colour ='black',width =2)
a = []
if "D" in accepted:
a.append(line)
if "S" in accepted:
a.append(line2)
if "G" in accepted:
pass
if "L" in accepted:
pass
gc = plot.PlotGraphics(a,'Line Graph','X','Y')
xmin = self.t[0]-0.01*(self.t[-1]-self.t[0])
xmax = self.t[-1]+0.01*(self.t[-1]-self.t[0])
self.Draw(gc,xAxis=(xmin,xmax),yAxis=(min([x[1] for x in dataset])-0.01*(max([x[1] for x in dataset])-min([x[1] for x in dataset])),
max([x[1] for x in dataset])+0.01*(max([x[1] for x in dataset])-min([x[1] for x in dataset]))))
#self.showLegend = True
#self.enableZoom = True
def Dialog(self, parent, message, c):# Will be used to notify the user of errors/processes
if c == "W":
caption = "Warning!"
dlg = wx.MessageDialog(parent, message, caption, wx.OK | wx.ICON_WARNING)
elif c == "I":
caption = "Information"
dlg = wx.MessageDialog(parent, message, caption, wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
dlg.ShowModal()
dlg.Destroy()#Destroys dialog on close
class Frame(wx.Frame):
"""
This is the main class. In it, we declare the separate panels, canvas, menubar, buttons and sizers.
"""
def __init__(self,parent,id,title):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, wx.DefaultPosition)
self.CurrentDirectory = os.getcwd()
self.timer=wx.Timer(self)#Instantiating the timer
self.count=0
self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER,self.evt_timer)#Binding it to itself so that it is always triggered
self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self.paint)
menubar = wx.MenuBar()
fileMenu = wx.Menu() #Creating the Menubar at the top
#Creating 3 menus: fileMenu,fit,and help
save = wx.Menu()
z = wx.MenuItem(save,wx.ID_ANY,'Save Raw Data\tCtrl+D')
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU,self.OnSave,z)
save.Append(z)
z= wx.MenuItem(save,wx.ID_ANY,'Save Image\tCtrl+I')
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU,self.OnSaveImage,z)
save.Append(z)
fileMenu.AppendSubMenu(save,'&Save')
fileMenu.AppendSeparator()
z = wx.MenuItem(fileMenu, wx.ID_EXIT, '&Quit\tCtrl+W')
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnQuit, z)
fileMenu.Append(z)
fit = wx.Menu()#Making a check menu
self.gaussian = fit.Append(wx.ID_ANY,'Gaussian',kind = wx.ITEM_CHECK)
#self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU,self.ToggleGaussian,self.gaussian)
fit.Check(self.gaussian.GetId(),False)
self.sine = fit.Append(wx.ID_ANY,'Sine',kind = wx.ITEM_CHECK)
#self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU,self.ToggleSine,self.sine)
fit.Check(self.sine.GetId(),False)
self.linear = fit.Append(wx.ID_ANY,'Linear',kind=wx.ITEM_CHECK)
#self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU,self.ToggleLinear,self.linear)
fit.Check(self.linear.GetId(),False)
help = wx.Menu()
z = wx.MenuItem(help,wx.ID_ANY,'&About\tCtrl+H')
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU,self.OnHelp,z)
help.Append(z)
menubar.Append(fileMenu, '&File')
menubar.Append(fit, '&Fit')
menubar.Append(help, '&Help')#adding menus to menubar
self.SetMenuBar(menubar)#formatting the frame with menubar
self.sp = wx.SplitterWindow(self)#Splitting the window into 2 panels
self.p1 = wx.Panel(self.sp,style = wx.SUNKEN_BORDER)#For buttons and user events
self.p2 = wx.Panel(self.sp,style = wx.SUNKEN_BORDER)#For display of the plot
self.sp.SplitVertically(self.p1,self.p2,300)
sizer = wx.GridBagSizer(3, 3)#Versatile sizer for layout of first panel self.p1
bitmappath = self.CurrentDirectory + "\\BITMAPS"
bmp = wx.Bitmap(bitmappath+"\\SAVE.BMP",wx.BITMAP_TYPE_BMP)
self.saveBtn = wx.BitmapButton(self.p1,wx.ID_ANY,bitmap = bmp,size =(bmp.GetWidth()+10,bmp.GetHeight()+10))
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.OnSave,self.saveBtn)
sizer.Add(self.saveBtn, (0, 0), wx.DefaultSpan, wx.ALL,5)
bmp = wx.Bitmap(bitmappath +"\\START.BMP",wx.BITMAP_TYPE_BMP)
self.startBtn = wx.BitmapButton(self.p1,-1,bitmap = bmp,size =(bmp.GetWidth()+10,bmp.GetHeight()+10))# A button that starts and stops the plotting
self.startBtn.startval = "START"
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.paint,self.startBtn)
sizer.Add(self.startBtn, (0, 1), wx.DefaultSpan,wx.ALL,5)
sizer1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
W,L = self.p2.GetSize()
self.p2.canvas = PlotCanvas(self.p2,wx.ID_ANY,(W,L),["D"])
sizer1.Add(self.p2.canvas,1,wx.ALL,0,0)
self.p2.SetSizerAndFit(sizer1)
self.p1.SetSizerAndFit(sizer)
self.p2.SetSizerAndFit(sizer1)
self.p2.SetSize(W,L)
self.Maximize(True)
self.Centre()
self.Show()
############### event methods ###########
def paint(self,event):
"""
Updates the canvas based on the value of the startbtn(not the image). Bound to self.timer.
"""
bitmappath = self.CurrentDirectory + "\\BITMAPS"
if self.startBtn.startval == "START":
self.timer.Start(1)# increase the value for more time
bmp = wx.Bitmap(bitmappath + "\\STOP.BMP",wx.BITMAP_TYPE_BMP)
self.startBtn.SetBitmap(bmp)
self.startBtn.startval = "STOP"
elif self.startBtn.startval == "STOP":
self.timer.Stop()
bmp = wx.Bitmap(bitmappath+ "\\START.BMP",wx.BITMAP_TYPE_BMP)
self.startBtn.SetBitmap(bmp)
self.startBtn.startval = "START"
def evt_timer(self,event):
self.count +=1
if self.count== 10:# By increasing count (or the number in self.timer.Start()) you can increase the interval between updates
#self.p2.canvas.Clear()
sizer1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
W,L = self.p2.GetSize()
a = ["D"]
if self.sine.IsChecked():
a.append("S")
elif self.linear.IsChecked():
a.append("L")
elif self.gaussian.IsChecked():
a.append("G")
self.p2.canvas = PlotCanvas(self.p2,wx.ID_ANY,(W,L),a)
sizer1.Add(self.p2.canvas,1,wx.ALL,0,0)
self.p2.SetSizerAndFit(sizer1)
self.p2.SetSize(self.p2.GetBestSize())
self.count=0 # reset the count
def Dialog(self, parent, message, c):# Will be used to notify the user of errors/processes
if c == "W":
caption = "Warning!"
dlg = wx.MessageDialog(parent, message, caption, wx.OK | wx.ICON_WARNING)
elif c == "I":
caption = "Information"
dlg = wx.MessageDialog(parent, message, caption, wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
dlg.ShowModal()
dlg.Destroy()#Destroys dialog on close
def OnSave(self,event):#Triggered by menubar and button
try:
rawdata = self.p2.canvas.data
raw_X =[x[0] for x in rawdata]
raw_Y =[x[1] for x in rawdata]
dlg = wx.FileDialog(#Code for this from http://www.blog.pythonlibrary.org
self, message="Save file as ...",
defaultDir=self.CurrentDirectory,
defaultFile=str(time.ctime()), wildcard=wildcard, style=wx.FD_SAVE
)
if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
path = dlg.GetPath()
dlg.Destroy()
f = open(path+".txt","w+")
for i in range(len(raw_X)):
f.write(str(raw_X[i])+"\t"+str(raw_Y[i])+"\n")
f.close()
self.Dialog(None,"File successfully saved","I")
except UnboundLocalError:#Catch error when user closes save window without selecting any directory or filename
pass
def OnSaveImage(self,event):
try:
rawdata = self.p2.canvas.data
raw_X = [x[0] for x in rawdata]
raw_Y = [x[1] for x in rawdata]
dlg = wx.FileDialog(
self, message="Save file as ...",
defaultDir=self.CurrentDirectory,
defaultFile=str(time.ctime()), wildcard=wildcard2, style=wx.FD_SAVE
)
if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
path = dlg.GetPath()
dlg.Destroy()
fig1 = plt.figure()
plt.plot(raw_X,raw_Y)
plt.title("Raw Data")
fig1.savefig(path+".png")
self.Dialog(None,"File successfully saved","I")
except UnboundLocalError:
pass
def OnMultiply(self,e):
try:
factor = self.x.GetValue()
factor = float(factor)
self.IntegrationTime = factor
except ValueError as e:
self.Dialog(None,str(e),"W")
def OnQuit(self, e):
self.Close()
def OnHelp(self,e):
self.Dialog(None,"N/A","I")
def ToggleSine(self,e):
pass
def ToggleLinear(self,e):
self.Dialog(None,"Not added yet","W")
def ToggleGaussian(self,e):
self.Dialog(None,"Not added yet","W")
if __name__ =="__main__":
app=wx.App()
Frame(None,-1,"N/A")
app.MainLoop()