当我运行处理我的Customer模型的测试时，我收到以下错误：
DatabaseError: (1146, "Table 'test_mcif2.customer' doesn't exist")
我并不完全惊讶，因为我将Django项目连接到“遗留”数据库。由于我的桌子不是以“Django方式”创建的，所以如果没有一些指导，Django将无法与他们交谈并不令人震惊。这是我的模特：
from django.db import models
from django.db import connection, transaction
from mcif.models.mcif_model import McifModel
class Customer(McifModel):
class Meta:
db_table = u'customer'
app_name = 'mcif'
id = models.BigIntegerField(primary_key=True)
customer_number = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=255)
social_security_number = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=33)
name = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=255)
phone = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=255)
deceased = models.IntegerField(unique=True, null=True, blank=True)
do_not_mail = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
created_at = models.DateTimeField()
updated_at = models.DateTimeField()
def distinguishing_column_names(self):
return ['name', 'customer_number', 'social_security_number', 'phone']
知道为什么这不起作用？
修改：此处为McifModel：
from django.db import models
from django.db import connection, transaction
class McifModel(models.Model):
class Meta:
abstract = True
def upsert(self):
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(self.upsert_sql())
transaction.commit_unless_managed()
return self
def value_list(self):
return ','.join(map(lambda column_name: "'{c}'".format(c=getattr(self, column_name)), self.distinguishing_column_names()))
def upsert_sql(self):
column_names = ','.join(self.distinguishing_column_names())
return "INSERT IGNORE INTO {t} ({c}) VALUES ({v})".format(t=self._meta.db_table, c=column_names, v=self.value_list())
@classmethod
def save_from_row(cls, row):
object = cls()
map(lambda column_name: setattr(object, column_name, row.value(object._meta.db_table, column_name)), object.distinguishing_column_names())
return object.upsert()
编辑：我接受了tarequeh的建议，并将Caktus文件的内容放在mcif/utils.py中。我还设置了TEST_RUNNER = 'mcif.utils.ManagedModelTestRunner'。如果我进入控制台，我可以验证Customer是否不受管理：
>>> [m for m in get_models() if not m._meta.managed]
[<class 'mcif.models.customer.Customer'>]
但是，我的测试仍然抱怨该表不存在。我错过了什么？
这是我的settings.py：
# Django settings for mcifdjango project.
DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG
ADMINS = (
('Jason Swett', 'jason.swett@gmail.com'),
)
MANAGERS = ADMINS
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
'NAME': 'xxxxx', # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
'USER': 'xxxxx', # Not used with sqlite3.
'PASSWORD': 'xxxxx', # Not used with sqlite3.
'HOST': '', # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
'PORT': '', # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
}
}
# Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
# although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
# On Unix systems, a value of None will cause Django to use the same
# timezone as the operating system.
# If running in a Windows environment this must be set to the same as your
# system time zone.
TIME_ZONE = 'America/Chicago'
# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
SITE_ID = 1
# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = True
# If you set this to False, Django will not format dates, numbers and
# calendars according to the current locale
USE_L10N = True
# Absolute path to the directory that holds media.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''
# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash if there is a path component (optional in other cases).
# Examples: "http://media.lawrence.com", "http://example.com/media/"
MEDIA_URL = ''
# URL prefix for admin media -- CSS, JavaScript and images. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://foo.com/media/", "/media/".
ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/media/'
# Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody.
SECRET_KEY = '#7+qm%hqfe+z8ul5@x_i&sqmu!n=4sa0&i0_#)m99*w$fbk3%#'
# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
# 'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
)
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
)
ROOT_URLCONF = 'mcifdjango.urls'
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django_extensions',
'mcif',
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
# 'django.contrib.admin',
# Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
)
TEST_RUNNER = 'mcif.utils.ManagedModelTestRunner'
import os
ROOTDIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
ROOTDIR + '/mcif/templates',
)
编辑2：
现在是我的Customer课程：
from django.db import models
from django.db import connection, transaction
from mcif.models.mcif_model import McifModel
class Customer(McifModel):
class Meta:
db_table = u'customer'
managed = False
id = models.BigIntegerField(primary_key=True)
customer_number = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=255)
social_security_number = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=33)
name = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=255)
phone = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=255)
deceased = models.IntegerField(unique=True, null=True, blank=True)
do_not_mail = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
created_at = models.DateTimeField()
updated_at = models.DateTimeField()
def distinguishing_column_names(self):
return ['name', 'customer_number', 'social_security_number', 'phone']
这是我运行测试时得到的结果：
$ ./manage.py test mcif.CustomerUpsertTest
Creating test database 'default'...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user
Creating table auth_message
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table django_admin_log
Installing index for auth.Permission model
Installing index for auth.Group_permissions model
Installing index for auth.User_user_permissions model
Installing index for auth.User_groups model
Installing index for auth.Message model
Installing index for admin.LogEntry model
No fixtures found.
E
======================================================================
ERROR: test_upsert (mcif.tests.customer_upsert_test.CustomerUpsertTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/jason/projects/mcifdjango/mcif/tests/customer_upsert_test.py", line 9, in test_upsert
customer.upsert()
File "/home/jason/projects/mcifdjango/mcif/models/mcif_model.py", line 11, in upsert
cursor.execute(self.upsert_sql())
File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 86, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 166, in execute
self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 35, in defaulterrorhandler
raise errorclass, errorvalue
DatabaseError: (1146, "Table 'test_mcif_django.customer' doesn't exist")
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 3.724s
FAILED (errors=1)
Destroying test database 'default'...
答案 0 :(得分：21)
由于您使用的是旧数据库，因此可能无法将应用名称添加到INSTALLED_APPS。如果应用程序未包含在INSTALLED_APPS中，则不会在syncdb上创建应用程序模型的表。这对你来说很有用，因为你已经有了一个表，但是没有在测试环境中。
您可以采用以下任何一项：
supermonkeypatch方式：从Customer类Meta中取出app_name，将模型放在python模块名称mcif内的models.py文件中，并将mcif添加到INSTALLED_APPS - 只是为了测试
更好的方法：扩展DjangoTestSuiteRunner并覆盖setup_test_environment以调用super，然后在测试数据库中手动创建旧表。
最好的方法：将您的模型放入正确命名的app模块中。从模型Meta中删除app_name但添加managed = False docs。在INSTALLED_APPS中包含应用名称。现在django不会为该模型创建表。然后使用Caktus组编译的nice snippet来运行测试。
干杯！
编辑 - 如何使用重写的DjangoTestSuiteRunner
至少你需要Django 1.2。
从here复制代码。将它放在mcif应用程序内的utils.py中。
在settings.py中添加/编辑以下内容：
TEST_RUNNER = 'mcif.utils.ManagedModelTestRunner'
现在，当您运行测试时，所有非托管表将仅在测试期间被视为托管表。因此，表格将在运行测试之前创建。
注意代码的这一部分，即魔术发生的地方。
self.unmanaged_models = [m for m in get_models() if not m._meta.managed]
for m in self.unmanaged_models:
m._meta.managed = True
第二次编辑：可能的陷阱
确保以下内容：
第三次编辑：调试 在mcif.utils.ManagedModelTestRunner中用以下内容替换setup_test_environment函数，并告诉我测试的输出是否发生变化：
def setup_test_environment(self, *args, **kwargs):
print "Loading ManagedModelTestRunner"
from django.db.models.loading import get_models
self.unmanaged_models = [m for m in get_models()
if not m._meta.managed]
for m in self.unmanaged_models:
print "Modifying model %s to be managed for testing" % m
m._meta.managed = True
super(ManagedModelTestRunner, self).setup_test_environment(*args, **kwargs)
答案 1 :(得分：5)
tarequeh提出的解决方案在覆盖DATABASE_ROUTERS后为我工作。
我正在使用路由器以防止对旧数据库进行写入。为了解决这个问题，我创建了一个包含以下内容的test_settings文件：
from settings import *
DEBUG = True
TEST_RUNNER = 'legacy.utils.ManagedModelTestRunner'
DATABASE_ROUTERS = []
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(HERE, 'test.db'),
},
}
然后在运行测试时：
python manage.py test [app_name] --settings=test_settings
答案 2 :(得分：2)
上面没有足够的信息来回答您的第一个问题。但是，一旦解决了该问题，您可能会因为以下原因而安装django-extensions：它有一个非常有用的sqldiff命令，如果遗留数据库与您的遗留数据库不匹配，它会通知您应用模型。