pthread void指针转换

时间:2018-10-15 20:23:10

标签: c multithreading pointers void

我正在做一个作业,该作业需要我使用线程来处理和同步从文件中获取数据。我的教授告诉我,我可以将数据更改为void指针,以将其传递给函数,然后将其投射回去。我正在尝试使用文件IO。

pthread_create(&th1, NULL, processing, (void *)&fp);

在我的处理函数中,我尝试使用以下命令将其投射回FILE指针:

FILE driveOne = (FILE *)file;

这显然行不通,所以有人可以向我解释一下吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

您需要将driveOne声明为FILE *,而不是FILE

FILE *driveOne = (FILE *)file;

此外,假设最初将fp声明为FILE *,则您对pthread_create的调用在fp之前不应包含&,例如:

pthread_create(&th1, NULL, processing, (void *)fp);

答案 1 :(得分:0)

这是一个更完整的示例。

比方说,您的辅助函数需要文件句柄。为了简单起见,假设它从其中读取每个字符,然后返回读取的字符数,并转换为指针:

void *worker(void *data)
{
    FILE      *handle = (FILE *)data;
    uintptr_t  count = 0;

    if (handle && !ferror(handle)) {
        /* handle is a valid file handle */

        while (getc(handle) != EOF)
            count++;
    }

    return (void *)count;
}

如果countintptr_tuintptr_t以外的其他类型(在<stdint.h>中声明,通常包含在<inttypes.h>中),则您d需要先将其转换为该类型,然后转换为空指针,即(void *)(uintptr_t)count

因为这样的工作线程不需要太多的堆栈(准确地说,几乎不需要),并且默认线程堆栈的大小很大(兆字节),所以我们可以节省一些内存(并且如果需要的话可以允许更多的线程,尤其是32个线程)位体系结构),方法是创建一个pthread属性,该属性指示pthread_create()使用较小的堆栈。该属性不被调用“消耗”;它更像是一个配置块。

假设您有三个流FILE *in[3];,并且您希望使用三个线程来检查它们的长度。使用pthread属性来使用较小的堆栈(2*PTHREAD_STACK_MIN中定义的<limits.h>对于不使用alloca()或本地数组的工作线程来说是一个很好的安全值):

pthread_t       worker_id[3];
uintptr_t       length[3];
pthread_attr_t  attrs;
void           *retptr;
int             i, result;

/* Create a pthread attribute set, defining smaller stack size. */
pthread_attr_init(&attrs);
pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attrs, 2*PTHREAD_STACK_MIN);

/* Create the three worker threads. */
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    result = pthread_create(&(worker_id[i]), &attrs, worker, (void *)in[i]);
    if (result) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create thread: %s.\n", strerror(result));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
}

/* pthread attributes are no longer needed. */
pthread_attr_destroy(&attrs);

/*
  ... This thread can do something else here ...
*/

/* Reap the threads, and collect their return values. */
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    result = pthread_join(worker_id[i], &retptr);
    if (result) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot reap thread: %s.\n", strerror(result));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    length[i] = (uintptr_t)retptr;
}

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    printf("in[%d] contained %llu chars.\n", i, (unsigned long long)length[i]);

当您要将多个参数传递给线程函数时,可以使用相同的模式。首先,您要构造一个结构来保存这些参数,然后创建它们。您可以动态分配它们,将它们声明为全局变量,或者在main()中将它们声明为局部变量-在工作线程存在的整个时间内存在的任何作用域都起作用。

例如,假设您的辅助函数计算了从流中读取的每个unsigned char值的直方图:

struct work {
    pthread_t     id;                   /* Thread identifier */
    FILE         *in;                   /* File handle to read from */
    size_t        count[UCHAR_MAX + 1]; /* Histogram */
};

void *worker(void *data) {
    struct work *const  work = (struct worker_data *)data;
    int                 c;

    if (!work || !work->in) {
        /* Invalid data, or invalid file handle. */
        return (void *)(intptr_t)(EINVAL);
    }
    if (ferror(work->in)) {
        /* Stream is in error state. */
        return (void *)(intptr_t)(EIO);
    }

    /* Read the stream. */
    while ((c = getc(work->in)) != EOF) {
        /* Update histogram. */
        work->count[(unsigned char)c]++;
    }

    /* Did the reading stop due to an I/O error? */
    if (ferror(work->in))
        return (void *)(intptr_t)(EIO);

    /* No errors, all done. */
    return (void *)0;
}

请注意,struct work *const work = ...会初始化常量指针work,而不是指向常量的指针。 const只是有一个优化,它告诉C编译器我们不会尝试修改work指针本身。它指向的数据是可修改的。

(要读取指针声明,请从右到左读取它们,将每个*替换为”是“ 的指针,以获得正确的含义。)

创建这些工作程序的代码非常相似,不同之处在于我们动态分配工作:

struct work    *work[3];
pthread_attr_t  attrs;
void           *retptr;
int             i, result;

/* Create and initialize the three pointers. */
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

    /* Allocate a work structure. */
    work[i] = malloc(sizeof *(work[i]));
    if (!work[i]) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    /* Copy the handle to read from, */
    work[i]->in = in[i];

    /* and clear the histogram part. */
    memset(work[i]->count, 0, sizeof work[i]->count);
}

/* Create a pthread attribute set, defining smaller stack size. */
pthread_attr_init(&attrs);
pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attrs, 2*PTHREAD_STACK_MIN);

/* Create the three worker threads. */
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    result = pthread_create(&(work[i]->id), &attrs, worker, (void *)work[i]);
    if (result) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create thread: %s.\n", strerror(result));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
}

/* pthread attributes are no longer needed. */
pthread_attr_destroy(&attrs);

/*
  ... This thread can do something else here ...
*/

/* Reap the threads, and collect their return values. */
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    result = pthread_join(work[i]->id, &retptr);
    if (result) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot reap thread: %s.\n", strerror(result));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    /* If the thread reported a failure, print the corresponding
       error message (but do not exit). */
    if (retptr)
        fprintf(stderr, "Thread %d of 3: %s.\n", i+1, strerror((intptr_t)retptr));

    /* ... print the histogram here? ... */
}

/* Free the work structures. */
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    free(work[i]);

如果您不想在发生错误时中止程序,请注意free(NULL)是安全的,并且不执行任何操作;并且struct work *pointerarray[SIZE] = {0};声明了一个指向struct work的SIZE指针数组,并将它们全部初始化为零。例如,如果某个分配或线程创建在某个时刻失败,则您可以free()每个指针,无论其分配是否成功。

也就是说,如果您想分配三种不同类型的结构(struct atype *a;struct btype *b;struct ctype *c;),则可以

a = malloc(sizeof *a);
b = malloc(sizeof *b);
c = malloc(sizeof *c);
if (!a || !b || !c) {
    free(c);
    free(b);
    free(a);
    return ALLOCATION_FAILED;
}

/* Allocation was successful */

而不是分别分配每个和测试失败。