我一直在遵循一本教程书中的示例程序，该程序是获取一本包含美国所有50个州及其首都的字典，然后创建一个随机的多选AD问题集，然后将这些问题作为随机和3个不同的测验打印出3个不同的文件。然后将每个测验中所有问题的答案打印到答案文件中，以与每个问题文件一起使用。
作为测试，我现在仅以5的范围进行测试。当我运行程序时，程序会按预期运行，但每次测试仅创建25个问题/答案组合，而不是50个。
我已经检查了几次，不知道为什么会这样。任何输入将不胜感激，谢谢。
# randomQuizGenerator.py - Creates quizzes with questions and answers in
# random order, along with the answer key.
import random
capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois':
'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas':
'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfort', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine':
'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan':
'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri':
'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada':
'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee':
'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont':
'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia',
'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}
# Generate 5 quiz files.
for quizNum in range(5):
# Create the quiz and answer key files.
quizFile = open('capitalsquiz%s.txt' % (quizNum+1), 'w')
answerFile = open('capitalsquiz_answers%s.txt' % (quizNum+1), 'w')
# Write out the header for the quiz.
quizFile.write('Capitals Quiz #%s' % (quizNum+1) + '\nName:\nDate:\n\n')
quizFile.write('What is the capital of:\n')
answerFile.write('Capitals Quiz %s' % (quizNum+1) + '\n\n')
# Shuffle the order of the states.
states = list(capitals.keys())
random.shuffle(states)
# Loop through all 50 states, making a question for each.
# set question number = 0
q_num = 0
for st in states:
# question number increase
q_num += 1
random.shuffle(states)
# unused needed for choosing 3 incorrect options
unusedStates = states
# write question number and state name (QUESTION)
quizFile.write('Q%s: ' % q_num + st + '?\n')
# create answer options list and fill with 1 correct answer + 3 incorrect ones
answerOptions = [None] * 3
answerOptions.append(capitals[st])
# remove correct answer to avoid duplication
unusedStates.remove(st)
for Opt in range(0, 3):
curr_ans = unusedStates[Opt]
answerOptions[Opt] = capitals[curr_ans]
# randomise answer list
random.shuffle(answerOptions)
# write answers
for i in range(0, 4):
quizFile.write(answerOptions[i]+' ')
quizFile.write('\n')
# write correct answer in answer file
answerFile.write(capitals[st]+'\n')
quizFile.close()
answerFile.close()
答案 0 :(得分：1)
@hlfrmn找到了代码罪魁祸首-我想指出另一件事-使用
with open("filename.txt","w") as f:
f.write("something")
一种方法可以自动关闭文件，即使您遇到异常，也可以使用执行某些任务的功能对其进行结构化。
数据定义：
capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois':
'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas':
'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfort', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine':
'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan':
'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri':
'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada':
'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee':
'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont':
'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia',
'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}
和代码：
import random
def generateAllQuestions(caps):
"""Generates all questions including 3 wrong answers. Returns a list of
[tuple(state,correct) and list of 3 wrong answers]."""
q = []
for state in capitals:
# get 4 other answers
# remove the correct one if it is inside the random sample
# use only 3 of them
others = [ val for key,val in random.sample(capitals.items(),k=4) if key != state][0:3]
# compile [tuple: (item,correct_answer),[other_answers]]
q.append([(state,capitals[state])] + [others])
return q
def partitionIntoNParts(n,data):
"""Takes the data and partiniones it into n random equally long (if possible)
sublists"""
ld = len(data)
size_part = ld // n
idx = 0
random.shuffle(data)
while idx < ld:
yield data[idx:idx + size_part]
idx += size_part
def writeHeader(f,a,n):
"""Write the header for Q and A file"""
a.write(f"Capitals Quiz #{n+1}\n\n")
f.write(f"Capitals Quiz #{n+1}\nName:\nDate:\n\nWhat is the capital of:\n")
def writeQandA(f,a,q_num,q):
"""Write a single questions into Q-file and a single answer into A-file"""
state,correct = q[0] # the tuple
others = q[1] # the others
a.write(f"{q_num+1:>3}.) {state:<14} : {correct}\n")
f.write(f"{q_num+1:>3}.) {state:<14} : ")
solutions = others + [correct]
random.shuffle(solutions) # use sort() to always get alphabetical order
for town in solutions:
f.write(f"[ ] {town:<14} ")
f.write("\n\n")
# how many files to use?
filecount = 5
qs = generateAllQuestions(capitals)
parts = partitionIntoNParts(filecount,qs)
# write files based on partioning
for idx,content in enumerate(parts):
with open(f"capitalsquiz{idx+1}.txt","w") as quiz_file,\
open(f"capitalsquiz{idx+1}_answers.txt","w") as answ_file:
writeHeader(quiz_file,answ_file,idx)
# write Q and A into file
for q_num,q in enumerate(content):
writeQandA(quiz_file,answ_file,q_num,q)
# check one files content:
print(open("capitalsquiz2.txt").read())
print(open("capitalsquiz2_answers.txt").read())
capitalsquiz2.txt的内容：
Capitals Quiz #2
Name:
Date:
What is the capital of:
1.) Oklahoma : [ ] Oklahoma City [ ] Phoenix [ ] Juneau [ ] Olympia
2.) Virginia : [ ] Austin [ ] Pierre [ ] Saint Paul [ ] Richmond
3.) North Carolina : [ ] Raleigh [ ] Tallahassee [ ] Dover [ ] Harrisburg
4.) Montana : [ ] Helena [ ] Raleigh [ ] Hartford [ ] Madison
5.) Alaska : [ ] Nashville [ ] Albany [ ] Juneau [ ] Lansing
6.) Kentucky : [ ] Charleston [ ] Cheyenne [ ] Frankfort [ ] Oklahoma City
7.) Florida : [ ] Trenton [ ] Pierre [ ] Tallahassee [ ] Honolulu
8.) Rhode Island : [ ] Providence [ ] Madison [ ] Santa Fe [ ] Trenton
9.) Arkansas : [ ] Boston [ ] Little Rock [ ] Harrisburg [ ] Denver
10.) Wisconsin : [ ] Montgomery [ ] Pierre [ ] Madison [ ] Richmond
capitalsquiz2_answers.txt`的内容：
Capitals Quiz #1
1.) Oklahoma : Oklahoma City
2.) Virginia : Richmond
3.) North Carolina : Raleigh
4.) Montana : Helena
5.) Alaska : Juneau
6.) Kentucky : Frankfort
7.) Florida : Tallahassee
8.) Rhode Island : Providence
9.) Arkansas : Little Rock
10.) Wisconsin : Madison
答案 1 :(得分：1)
发生这种情况的原因是，您在迭代集合时正在修改它：
states = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
for st in states:
print(st)
states.remove(st)
此代码段将打印出来：
1
3
5
7
9
您尝试过的是：
unusedStates = states
unusedStates.remove(st)
，但这不会复制列表。它将为同一列表创建另一个名称。
这里是一个略有变化的版本，但我绝不是“ Python专业人士”。
import random
capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
'Connecticut': 'Hartford'}
states = list(capitals.keys())
random.shuffle(states)
# Loop through all 50 states, making a question for each.
for idx, state in enumerate(states):
# use this for 1-based humans
q_num = idx + 1
# the 49 other states
other_states = states[:idx] + states[idx+1:]
# pick 3 states (guaranteed to be unique)
answer_states = random.sample(other_states, 3)
# add the correct one
answer_states.append(state)
# convert states to capitals
answer_options = [capitals[st] for st in answer_states]
# randomise answer list
random.shuffle(answer_options)
print('Question %s about %s' % (q_num, state))
print('Options', answer_options)
print('Correct Answer', capitals[state])
print() #empty line
请注意使用random.sample来选择3个唯一选项，并使用enumerate遍历带有索引变量的列表。
还请注意使用“切片”创建了一个49个元素的列表。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
呵呵...我也很有趣地重组了您的程序。也许您可以从中学到一两个东西。
import random
capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois':
'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas':
'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfort', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine':
'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan':
'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri':
'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada':
'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee':
'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont':
'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia',
'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}
quiz_answer_template = '''\
Capitals Quiz #{}
{}
'''
quiz_file_template = '''\
Capitals Quiz #{}
Name:
Date:
What is the capital of?
{}
'''
question_template = '''\
Q{} {}?
{}
'''
def create_answer_file(path, question_id, answers):
with open(path, 'w') as f:
s = quiz_answer_template.format(question_id, answers)
f.write(s)
def create_quiz_file(path, question_id, question_and_options):
with open(path, 'w') as f:
s = quiz_file_template.format(question_id, question_and_options)
f.write(s)
def get_quiz(dictionary, n):
"""Based on a dictionary with key and values will return
1) Questions with 4 options tab-separated as a string
2) Correct answers as a string
"""
output = []
states = list(dictionary.keys())
random.shuffle(states)
correct_answers = [dictionary.get(i) for i in states]
for ind, st in enumerate(states[:n], 1):
d = dictionary.copy()
correct_answer = d.pop(st)
incorrect_answers = list(d.values())
random.shuffle(incorrect_answers)
options = [correct_answer] + incorrect_answers[:3]
random.shuffle(options)
output.append(question_template.format(ind, st, '\t'.join(options)))
return '\n'.join(output), '\n'.join(correct_answers)
for quizNum in range(1, 6):
questions_and_options, answers = get_quiz(capitals, n=50)
create_quiz_file(f'capitalsquiz{quizNum}.txt', quizNum, questions_and_options)
create_answer_file(f'capitalsquiz_answers{quizNum}.txt', quizNum, answers)