使用matplotlib在python中绘制散点图

时间:2018-10-27 11:35:52

标签: python matplotlib

我有一个3000点的文件。我必须用这些点绘制一个3D散点图。这些点如下,

6.655597594660206395e-01,-5.205175889492101859e-01,4.583497554501108073e-01
3.357418723194116605e-02,-2.482341476533565849e+00,2.009030294705723030e+00
-1.398411818716352728e-01,-1.990250936356241063e+00,2.325394845551588929e+00

有3000个这样的点。

我有代码,它显示了错误

TypeError: Cannot cast array data from dtype('float64') to dtype('<U32') according to the rule 'safe'

我编写的代码

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x=[]
y=[]
z=[]

with open('3dpd.out') as f:
    lines = f.readlines()
    for line in lines :
        x.append(line.split(',')[0])
        y.append(line.split(',')[1])
        z.append(line.split(',')[2])


fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection='3d')

ax.set_title("Scatter Plot")
ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')


ax.scatter(x, y, z, c='r')

plt.show()

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

readlines读取行时,它们以字符串形式读入,因此您需要将这些字符串转换为数字。

此外,请注意,我已将每个步骤分成了不同的代码行(例如splitfloat等),这通常有助于调试。 (而且您只需为每行呼叫一次split。)

这是一个有效的示例:

enter image description here

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x=[]
y=[]
z=[]

with open('3dpd.out') as f:
    lines = f.readlines()
    for line in lines :
        xs, ys, zs =  line.split(',')
        xv, yv, zv = [float(v) for v in (xs, ys, zs)]
        x.append(xv)
        y.append(yv)
        z.append(zv)

print type(xs)
print type(xv)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection='3d')

ax.set_title("Scatter Plot")
ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')


ax.scatter(x, y, z, c='r')

plt.show()