通过计数特定字符来子集字符串

时间:2018-12-27 19:53:18

标签: r regex gsub stringr stringi

我有以下字符串:

strings <- c("ABBSDGNHNGA", "AABSDGDRY", "AGNAFG", "GGGDSRTYHG") 

我想在A,G和N的出现次数达到某个值(例如3)时就切断字符串。在这种情况下,结果应该是:

some_function(strings)

c("ABBSDGN", "AABSDG", "AGN", "GGG") 

我尝试使用stringistringr和正则表达式,但是我无法弄清楚。

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:9)

这是使用strsplit

的基本R选项
sapply(strsplit(strings, ""), function(x)
    paste(x[1:which.max(cumsum(x %in% c("A", "G", "N")) == 3)], collapse = ""))
#[1] "ABBSDGN" "AABSDG"  "AGN"     "GGG"

或者在tidyverse

library(tidyverse)
map_chr(str_split(strings, ""), 
    ~str_c(.x[1:which.max(cumsum(.x %in% c("A", "G", "N")) == 3)], collapse = ""))

答案 1 :(得分:9)

您可以通过从 stringr 包中简单调用.gitrc来完成任务:

str_extract

正则表达式模式的library(stringr) strings <- c("ABBSDGNHNGA", "AABSDGDRY", "AGNAFG", "GGGDSRTYHG") str_extract(strings, '([^AGN]*[AGN]){3}') # [1] "ABBSDGN" "AABSDG" "AGN" "GGG" 部分表示要查找零个或多个不是A,G或N的连续字符,然后是A,G或N的一个实例。带括号的附加换行和括号,例如[^AGN]*[AGN],表示连续查找该模式三次。您可以通过更改花括号中的整数来更改要查找的A,G,N的出现次数:

([^AGN]*[AGN]){3}

有几种使用基本R函数完成任务的方法。一种是使用str_extract(strings, '([^AGN]*[AGN]){4}') # [1] "ABBSDGNHN" NA "AGNA" "GGGDSRTYHG" ,然后使用regexpr

regmatches

或者,您可以使用m <- regexpr('([^AGN]*[AGN]){3}', strings) regmatches(strings, m) # [1] "ABBSDGN" "AABSDG" "AGN" "GGG"

sub

答案 2 :(得分:6)

使用gregexpr识别模式的位置,然后提取第n个位置(3),并使用1将从subset到该第n个位置的所有子字符串分类。

nChars <- 3
pattern <- "A|G|N"
# Using sapply to iterate over strings vector
sapply(strings, function(x) substr(x, 1, gregexpr(pattern, x)[[1]][nChars]))

PS:

如果一个字符串没有3个匹配项,它将生成NA,因此您只需要在最终结果上使用na.omit

答案 3 :(得分:2)

这只是Maurits Evers neat solutionstrsplit版。

sapply(strings,
       function(x) {
         raw <- rawToChar(charToRaw(x), multiple = TRUE)
         idx <- which.max(cumsum(raw %in% c("A", "G", "N")) == 3)
         paste(raw[1:idx], collapse = "")
       })
## ABBSDGNHNGA   AABSDGDRY      AGNAFG  GGGDSRTYHG 
##   "ABBSDGN"    "AABSDG"       "AGN"       "GGG"

或者,略有不同,没有strsplitpaste

test <- charToRaw("AGN")
sapply(strings,
       function(x) {
         raw <- charToRaw(x)
         idx <- which.max(cumsum(raw %in% test) == 3)
         rawToChar(raw[1:idx])
       })

答案 4 :(得分:0)

有趣的问题。我创建了一个函数(请参见下文)来解决您的问题。假定您的任何字符串中只有字母,没有特殊字符。

 reduce_strings = function(str, chars, cnt){

  # Replacing chars in str with "!"
  chars = paste0(chars, collapse = "")
  replacement = paste0(rep("!", nchar(chars)), collapse = "")
  str_alias = chartr(chars, replacement, str) 

  # Obtain indices with ! for each string
  idx = stringr::str_locate_all(pattern = '!', str_alias)

  # Reduce each string in str
  reduce = function(i) substr(str[i], start = 1, stop = idx[[i]][cnt, 1])
  result = vapply(seq_along(str), reduce, "character")
  return(result)
}

# Example call
str = c("ABBSDGNHNGA", "AABSDGDRY", "AGNAFG", "GGGDSRTYHG") 
chars = c("A", "G", "N") # Characters that are counted
cnt = 3 # Count of the characters, at which the strings are cut off
reduce_strings(str, chars, cnt) # "ABBSDGN" "AABSDG" "AGN" "GGG"
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