比较两个对象总是返回false

时间:2019-01-26 19:56:53

标签: java object compare equals

我正在尝试创建一个简单的日期类。我的教授还希望我们在date类中包含我们自己的.equals方法,该方法应该比较两个对象。我的问题是,除非我比较完全相同的对象,即使它们的值相同,我的方法也会返回false。

这是我的司机:

public class Lab3Driver {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
     Date theDate = new Date(6, 30, 1995);
     Date anotherDate = new Date(6, 30, 1995);
     System.out.println(theDate.equals(anotherDate));
     System.out.println(theDate);
     System.out.println(anotherDate);
    }
}

这是我的约会班级:

public class Date {
    private int month;
    private int day;
    private int year;
    public Date() // default no arg constructor
    {
        this.month = 1; // set to date I completed this class, for fun.
        this.day = 26;
        this.year = 2019;
    }

    public Date(int m, int d, int y) // normal constructor in case you want to initialize variables upon object declaration
    {
        this.month = m;
        this.day = d;
        this.year = y;
    }

    public int getMonth() {
        return month;
    }

    public void setMonth(int month)
    {
        if (month >= 1 && month <= 12) // if else that checks and makes sure months are between 1 and 12
        {
            this.month = month;
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.println("Invalid month input. Months are between 1 and 12.");
        }
    }

    public int getDay()
    {
        return day;
    }

    public void setDay(int day)
    {
        if (day >= 1 && day <= 31) // if else that checks and makes sure days are between 1 and 31
        {
            this.day = day;
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.println("Invalid day input. Days are between 1 and 31.");
        }
    }

    public int getYear()
    {
        return year;
    }

    public void setYear(int year) // year can be set to anything, in the case that this program is used for something
    {                             // other than the present day, as in a reference to the past or future
        this.year = year;
    }

    public String toString() // to string in order to print out the date that is stored
    {
        String theDate = "The date is: " + this.month + "/" + this.day + "/" + this.year;
        return theDate;
    }

    public boolean equals(Object that) // compares two objects and checks for null/type casting
    {
        if (this == that)
            return true;
        else if(that == null || that.getClass()!= this.getClass())
        {
            System.out.println("Null or type casting of argument.");
            return false;
        }
        else
            return false;
    }

这种方法引起的问题我认为:

 public boolean equals(Object that) // compares two objects and checks for null/type casting
    {
        if (this == that)
            return true;
        else if(that == null || that.getClass()!= this.getClass())
        {
            System.out.println("Null or type casting of argument.");
            return false;
        }
        else
            return false;
    }

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

这很正常,因为您写了

else {
   return false;
}

因此,只要that对象具有不同的引用,并且来自同一类,则可以在上面的else语句中返回false。 您应该实现代码而不是返回false,例如:

public boolean equals(Object that) // compares two objects and checks for null/type casting
{
    if (this == that)
        return true;
    else if(that == null || that.getClass()!= this.getClass())
    {
        System.out.println("Null or type casting of argument.");
        return false;
    }
    else
        return this.year == that.getYear() && ...;
}

答案 1 :(得分:0)

if (this == that)

此行不比较对象。这只会验证您的对象是否在相同的内存空间中,基本上会询问它是否完全相同(指向相同的位置)。

如果要比较两个不同的对象,则两个不同的实例,例如

Date theDate = new Date(6, 30, 1995);
Date anotherDate = new Date(6, 30, 1995);

然后,您必须添加更多行代码来检查每个对象中每个变量中的每个值,或者重写'=='方法以使其比较值。

答案 2 :(得分:0)

还有其他事情要解决:

正如内特已经说过的那样,您要强调的是您正在比较的两个对象的各个领域。为此,您可以使用return year == that.getYear() && day == that.getDay() && mοnth == that.getMοnth()

但是等等!您的equals会接受Object。因此,我们不能使用这些方法。您可以通过两种方式解决此问题。

  1. 在方法开始时进行instanceοf检查,然后将参数强制转换为Date对象。
  2. 限制仅用于Date个对象的参数。

通常,我会选择后者,因为如果您使用n-Date这个对象,则会在出现错误时出现错误。但是,如果您进行了类型检查并在类型检查失败的情况下进行了例外检查,则如果您提供的参数不是Date,那么在调用该方法之前,您可能永远不会犯错。

答案 3 :(得分:0)

您需要确保,如果您覆盖了 equals 方法,您还应该覆盖 hashCode 方法。

供您参考,请阅读部分 https://www.baeldung.com/java-equals-hashcode-contracts#hashcode

我已经为您完成了两个覆盖的方法。

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object that) {
        if (this == that)
            return true;
        
        if(!(that instanceof Date))
            return false;
        
        if(that == null || that.getClass()!= this.getClass())
            return false;
        
        Date anotherDate = (Date) that;
        if(this.month == anotherDate.month
                && this.day == anotherDate.day
                && this.year == anotherDate.year)
            return true;
        
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + (int) (month ^ (month >>> 16));
        result = prime * result + (int) (day ^ (day >>> 16));
        result = prime * result + (int) (year ^ (year >>> 16));
        
        return result;
    }
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