如何将字典的键值对打印为对齐表?

时间:2019-02-07 12:33:18

标签: python dictionary output

Student_Name = {"Mathematics": 90, 
                "Computer Science": 100, 
                "Chemistry": 90, 
                "Physics": 97, 
                "English": 95}
for key,value in Student_Name.items():
    print(key,value)

我要打印为:

Mathematics        90
Computer Science   100
Chemistry          90 

以此类推,但它是这样打印的

Mathematics 90
Computer Science 100
Chemistry 90
Physics 97
English 95

我要在适当的行中打印标记和主题。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

尝试一下:

>>> for key,value in Student_Name.items():
...     print("{0:20}{1:5d}".format(key,value))

从python 3.6开始,您也可以使用它。 (由Jon Clements提供)

for key,value in Student_Name.items():
    print(f'{key:20}{value}')

有关其他参考,请访问this link.

答案 1 :(得分:1)

您有很多选择:

使用原始代码,您只需将下一项标签:

for key, value in Student_Name.items():
    print(key,'\t',value)

尽管这不是一个完美的选项卡,因为它是一个制表符,除非所有键的长度都相似,否则它就不会达到您的预期。

输出:

Mathematics      90
Computer Science         100
Chemistry        90
Physics          97
English          95

更好的解决方案可能是:

for key, value in Student_Name.items():
    print(f'{key:20}{value}')

输出:

Mathematics         90
Computer Science    100
Chemistry           90
Physics             97
English             95

需要Python 3.6

我唯一的问题是为什么要这样做,并且打印一些文件并使用定界符并稍后再担心会更好。无论哪种方式,您都应该能够完成上述操作

同样合适的是这里的第一个答案

for key,value in Student_Name.items():
...     print("{0:20}{1:5d}".format(key,value))

输出与f'相同,但是都存在以下问题:如果主题key比其他主题长得多,则需要修改外观。将键{key:20}{0:20}更改为更大的数字会有所帮助,但是也许您可以使用最长的键(这里的值加上5的填充数)来计算键的长度。

例如,您可以执行此操作(为说明目的添加了一个额外的键:

 Student_Name = {"Mathematics": 90, "Computer Science": 100, "Chemistry": 90, "Physics": 97, "English": 95, "REALLY LONG SUBJECT ABOUT POLITICS": 10}
 # Get the longest subject name
 length = max(len(x) for x in Student_Name)
 # decide on padding
 padding = 5

 #use these two value to working out the exact space required
 space = length + padding

 #format and print the statement
 for key, value in Student_Name.items():
 ...     subject = "{0:{space}}".format(key, space=space)
 ...     result = "{0:5d}".format(value)
 ...     print(subject + result)

输出:

Mathematics                           90
Computer Science                     100
Chemistry                             90
Physics                               97
English                               95
REALLY LONG SUBJECT ABOUT POLITICS    10

始终将结果与最长的主题名称相距适当的距离。

答案 2 :(得分:-1)

与其他答案一样,为了避免第一列的硬编码宽度,您可以提前计算最大密钥长度。

简单的例子:

grades = {"Mathematics": 90, 
          "Computer Science": 100, 
          "Chemistry": 90, 
          "Physics": 97, 
          "English": 95}
max_key_len = max(map(len, grades.keys()))
format_string = '{{key:{}}}  {{value}}'.format(max_key_len)
for key, value in grades.items():
    print(format_string.format(key=key, value=value))

将打印:

Mathematics       90
Computer Science  100
Chemistry         90
Physics           97
English           95

我们可以通过将代码包装在函数中并添加分隔符参数来进一步改进代码:

from typing import Dict, Iterator


def to_aligned_records(dict_: Dict,
                       *,
                       sep: str = ' ') -> Iterator[str]:
    """Yields key-value pairs as strings that will be aligned when printed"""
    max_key_len = max(map(len, dict_.keys()))
    format_string = '{{key:{max_len}}}{sep}{{value}}'.format(max_len=max_key_len, sep=sep)
    for key, value in dict_.items():
        yield format_string.format(key=key, value=value)

并像这样使用它:

>>> print(*to_aligned_records(grades), sep='\n')
Mathematics      90
Computer Science 100
Chemistry        90
Physics          97
English          95

>>> print(*to_aligned_records(grades, sep=' '*4), sep='\n')
Mathematics         90
Computer Science    100
Chemistry           90
Physics             97
English             95

>>> print(*to_aligned_records(grades, sep='\t'), sep='\n')
Mathematics         90
Computer Science    100
Chemistry           90
Physics             97
English             95