跟踪对象类型

时间:2019-03-14 11:12:03

标签: c++ templates

我要实现的目的是跟踪我们创建的从基类继承的对象的类型。如果一个类是从基类继承的,但是没有在对象中实例化,那么我对跟踪它就不感兴趣(是否可以包含此条件,取决于实现是否容易)

虚拟示例:

template <typename T>
class Person
{
public:
    Person() {
        T* x;
        container.push_back(x);
    }
    virtual ~Person() {}
private:
    static heterogeneous_container container;
};

class Employee : public Person <Employee>
{
};

class Employee2 : public Employee
{
};

此外,我希望它可用于链式继承。当实例化一个Employee2时,基类Person是否有可能在容器中添加一个Employee2类型的指针?

对于异构容器,我认为可以使用link

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

我认为您想要的更像是

class Person
{
public:
    Person() {
        objects.push_back(this);
    }
    virtual ~Person() {
        objects.erase(this);
    }
private:
    static std::set<const Person*> objects;
};

class Employee : public Person
{
};

class Employee2 : public Employee
{
};

使用这种方法,您可以查询容器中每个指针所指向的最衍生对象的动态类型。

请注意,objects集必须包含每个对象的指针,而不是type_info。问题在于,在Person对象的Employee2子对象的构造函数中,*this的最派生类型将是Person,而不是{{1} }(在执行程序进入Employee2构造函数之前,它不会变成Employee2

答案 1 :(得分:1)

或多或少,我在某处工作:

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>

struct ClassEntry {
    size_t id = 0;
    const char* label;
};

class BaseClass {
public:
protected:

    static void RegisterType(size_t id, const char * label) {
        ClassEntry entry;
        entry.id = id;
        entry.label = label;
        mRegisteredTypes.emplace_back(entry);

        std::cout << "Registered type " << id << " label " << label << std::endl;
    }

    static size_t createId() {
        static size_t id = 0;
        return id++;
    }

    static std::vector<ClassEntry> mRegisteredTypes;
};

std::vector<ClassEntry> BaseClass::mRegisteredTypes;


class OneTimeCall {
public:
    OneTimeCall(std::function<void(void)>&& func)  {
        func();
    }
    virtual ~OneTimeCall() {

    }
};


template<typename T>
class MyClass : public BaseClass {
public:
    MyClass() {
        static OneTimeCall one_time {
            [this]{
                BaseClass::RegisterType(GetId(), T::GetType());
            }
        };


    }
private:

protected:

    static size_t GetId() {
        static size_t id = BaseClass::createId();
        return id;
    }
};


class A : public MyClass<A> {
public:
    A() {

    }

   static const char *GetType() {
        return "ClassA";
   }
};

class B : public MyClass<B> {
public:
    B() {

    }

    static const char *GetType() {
        return "ClassB";
    }
};


int main() {

    A a;
    B b;
    A a2;
    B b2;


    return 0;
}

输出为:

Registered type 0 label ClassA
Registered type 1 label ClassB

主要思想是在构造过程中仅一次使用CRTP和静态初始化来注册每种类型。它在Linux中可以正常工作,在Windows编译器上,每个DLL上的静态BaseClass ID都是新的,因此您需要进行一些调整以在外部库中使用。

使用这种方法,您不需要任何外部库,并且无需rtti即可进行编译。

对于继承,您可以创建一个新类:

template<typename Current, typename Base>
class Mix : public MyClass<Current>, public Base {};

因此,如果您将“类型C”作为当前类型(CRTP)传递,并将类型A作为基类传递,则可以使用。

class C : public Mix<C, A> {
public:
    C() {

    }

    static const char *GetType() {
        return "ClassC";
    }
};

使用这种方法,如果您先前已经注册了“ A”,它将不再被注册;如果您没有“ A”,它将被注册在“ C”之后。

答案 2 :(得分:0)

跟踪对象的一种方法是将它们存储在入侵列表中,并将链接节点嵌入到对象中。这为跟踪器操作提供了noexcept的保证,并且在将元素插入到跟踪器容器中时不需要额外的内存分配,这是每个跟踪对象中嵌入式列表节点(两个指针)的价格:

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/intrusive/list.hpp>

namespace bi = boost::intrusive;

template<class T>
class Tracker : public bi::list_base_hook<bi::link_mode<bi::auto_unlink>>
{
protected:
    static bi::list<Tracker, bi::constant_time_size<false>> objects_;

    Tracker() noexcept { objects_.push_back(*this); }
    Tracker(Tracker const&) noexcept { objects_.push_back(*this); }

public:
    static auto count() noexcept { return objects_.size(); }
};

template<class T>
bi::list<Tracker<T>, bi::constant_time_size<false>> Tracker<T>::objects_;

struct Employee : Tracker<Employee> {};
struct Employee2 : Employee {};

int main() {
    std::cout << Tracker<Employee>::count() << '\n';
    {
        Employee e0;
        Employee2 e1;
        std::cout << Tracker<Employee>::count() << '\n';
    }
    std::cout << Tracker<Employee>::count() << '\n';
}

输出:

0
2
0

Tracker(不带Boost库)

struct AutoListNode {
    AutoListNode *next_ = this, *prev_ = this;

    AutoListNode() noexcept = default;
    AutoListNode(AutoListNode const&) = delete;
    AutoListNode& operator=(AutoListNode const&) = delete;
    ~AutoListNode() noexcept { this->erase(); }

    void push_back(AutoListNode* node) noexcept {
        auto prev = prev_;
        node->prev_ = prev;
        node->next_ = this;
        prev->next_ = node;
        prev_ = node;
    }

    void erase() noexcept {
        auto next = next_;
        auto prev = prev_;
        prev->next_ = next;
        next->prev_ = prev;
    }

    size_t size() const noexcept {
        size_t count = 0;
        for(auto node = next_; node != this; node = node->next_)
            ++count;
        return count;
    }
};

template<class T>
class Tracker : private AutoListNode
{
protected:
    static AutoListNode objects_;

    Tracker() noexcept { objects_.push_back(this); }
    Tracker(Tracker const&) noexcept { objects_.push_back(this); }

public:
    static auto count() noexcept { return objects_.size(); }
};

template<class T>
AutoListNode Tracker<T>::objects_;