VBA如何直接访问字典键元素

时间:2019-03-25 07:47:03

标签: arrays excel vba dictionary

上下文

在VBA中,您可以创建并填充字典,例如:

    Dim oDict As Object
    Set oDict = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
    oDict("key 1") = "value 1"
    oDict("key 2") = "value 2"
    oDict("key 3") = "value 3"

通过Keys method,您可以将密钥作为数组获取:

  

返回一个包含Dictionary对象中所有现有键的数组。

    Dim aKeys() As Variant
    aKeys = oDict.Keys
    Debug.Print VarType(aKeys)       ' prints "8204"
    Debug.Print VarType(oDict.Keys)  ' prints "8204"

问题

但是当我直接访问其中一个键时,它会显示以下错误消息:

    Debug.Print aKeys(2)       ' prints "key 3"
    Debug.Print oDict.Keys(2)  ' Run-time error '451':
                               ' Property let procedure not defined 
                               ' and property get procedure did not 
                               ' return an object

解决尝试失败

虽然以上是我不了解的主要行为,但在尝试将oDict.Keys作为数组进行处理的完整列表下面:

Option Explicit

Public Function ArrayGet(ByRef aArray() As Variant, i As Integer) As Variant
    ArrayGet = aArray(i)
End Function

Public Function ArrayWrap(ByRef aArray() As Variant) As Variant()
    ArrayWrap = aArray
End Function

Public Sub TEST()

    Dim oDict As Object
    Set oDict = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
    oDict("key 1") = "value 1"
    oDict("key 2") = "value 2"
    oDict("key 3") = "value 3"

    Dim aKeys() As Variant
    aKeys = oDict.Keys

    Debug.Print VarType(aKeys)           ' prints "8204"
    Debug.Print VarType(oDict.Keys)      ' prints "8204"

    Debug.Print aKeys(2)                 ' prints "key 3"
    'Debug.Print oDict.Keys(2)            ' Run-time error '451': Property let procedure not defined and property get procedure did not return an object
    'Debug.Print oDict.Keys.Get(2)        ' Run-time error '424': Object required
    'Debug.Print oDict.Keys.Item(2)       ' Run-time error '424': Object required

    Debug.Print ArrayGet(aKeys, 2)       ' prints "key 3"
    'Debug.Print ArrayGet(oDict.Keys, 2)  ' Compile error : Type mismatch: array or user-defined type expected

    'Debug.Print Array(aKeys)(2)          ' Run-time error '9'  : Subscript out of range
    'Debug.Print Array(oDict.Keys)(2)     ' Run-time error '9'  : Subscript out of range

    Debug.Print ArrayWrap(aKeys)(2)      ' prints "key 3"
    'Debug.Print ArrayWrap(oDict.Keys)(2) ' Compile error : Type mismatch: array or user-defined type expected

    Dim key As Variant

    For Each key In aKeys
        Debug.Print key                  ' prints "key 1", "key 2" and "key 3"
    Next key

    For Each key In oDict.Keys
        Debug.Print key                  ' prints "key 1", "key 2" and "key 3"
    Next key

End Sub

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

出了什么问题

    Debug.Print oDict.Keys(2)  ' Run-time error '451':
                               ' Property let procedure not defined 
                               ' and property get procedure did not 
                               ' return an object

Keys字是一种方法。尽管VBA允许您在不提供参数时删除括号,但它仍然是一种方法。如果在其后面指定括号,则内容将传递给该方法。 Keys方法不接受整数参数。

如何修复

通过显式提供Keys方法的括号(例如Keys()),我们可以直接应用/跟随括号以访问数组元素。

与问题中的示例一致:以下两个替代方案是等效的:

    Debug.Print aKeys(2)         ' prints "key 3"
    Debug.Print oDict.Keys()(2)  ' prints "key 3"

答案 1 :(得分:3)

如果不添加对Microsoft Scripting Runtime的引用,则需要使用后期绑定来使用字典对象。后期绑定会使您失去一些功能。

如果尝试按索引访问字典的键,则会抛出运行时错误451。

  

运行时错误'451':
属性让过程未定义,属性获取过程未返回对象。

enter image description here

如果您通过VBE的工具将Microsoft脚本运行时库引用添加到项目中,则引用现在可以直接通过其序数索引号访问字典的键。

enter image description here

Sub test3()

    Dim i As Long, dict As New Scripting.dictionary

    dict.Add Key:="key1", Item:="item1"
    dict.Add Key:="key2", Item:="item2"
    dict.Add Key:="key3", Item:="item3"

    For i = LBound(dict.Keys) To UBound(dict.Keys)
        Debug.Print dict.Keys(i)
    Next i

End Sub

'results
key1
key2
key3