我试图熟悉django-RESTframeworks，因此我开始了正式教程，以创建Test-API。
https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart/#quickstart
当最终通过[CMD]“ pyhon manage.py runserver”在Windows上启动API时，我在命令行上看到错误代码，您将在下面看到。
我还想补充一点，不幸的是，至少从初学者的角度来看，本教程的描述中存在一些歧义，即并不总是确定本教程中的相应代码是否 需要添加到模块中或替换模块中的全部或部分代码。
因此，我尝试以各种方式实现本教程的说明，始终以相同的最终结果。
我正在虚拟环境中运行代码，我已经在其中安装了Django 1.11。，因此使用不同的Django版本应该不会有问题。
C:\Users\Rolimar\projects\djREST_tut>workon djresttut
(djresttut) C:\Users\Rolimar\projects\djREST_tut>python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function wrapper at 0x0000000004CBF978>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 228, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 124, in inner_run
self.check(display_num_errors=True)
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 359, in check
include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 346, in _run_checks
return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\registry.py", line 81, in run_checks
new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 16, in check_url_config
return check_resolver(resolver)
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 26, in check_resolver
return check_method()
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 256, in check
for pattern in self.url_patterns:
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 35, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 407, in url_patterns
patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 35, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 400, in urlconf_module
return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
File "c:\python27\Lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "C:\Users\Rolima\projects\djREST_tut\tutorial\urls.py", line 19, in <module>
from django.urls import include, path
ImportError: cannot import name include
在这里，我尝试从教程中复制代码：
“ serializers.py”
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import serializers
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Group
fields = ('url', 'name')
“ views.py”
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
“ urls.py”
"""tutorial URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path
from rest_framework import routers
from tutorial.quickstart import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', include(router.urls)),
path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
在“ settings.py”中，我在其中添加了“ rest_framework”
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles'
'rest_framework',
]
，最后我还在下面添加了以下代码：
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}
答案 0 :(得分：1)
很可能您正在使用 django <2.0 ，但是遵循以 django> 2.0 编写的教程。从django 2.0起，include已移至django.urls，然后再驻留在django.conf.urls（changelog reference）中。因此，您需要像这样更新urls.py：
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from rest_framework import routers
from tutorial.quickstart import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
您也不能使用path，因为它也是introduced in django 2。
或者您可以移至 django> 2.0 ，但是在这种情况下，您必须删除from django.conf.urls import url并使用from django.urls import url。