我想尝试InnoDB（更改MyISAM引擎）。插入/删除/更新工作正常（与事务）。选择看起来不错。更改和创建InnoDB表非常糟糕。
比较创建/更改InnoDB和MyISAM表：
MariaDB [temp_db]> CREATE TABLE `table_InnoDB` (
-> `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-> `name` varchar(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_1` varchar(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_2` varchar(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_ms` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_ws` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_wa` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_t` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_o` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `street` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `street_t` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `lat` decimal(8,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.0000,
-> `lng` decimal(8,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.0000,
-> `latlng` varchar(15) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
-> `geohash` char(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `phone` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `website` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `facebook_id` varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `city_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-> `gd_city_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (3.235 sec)
MariaDB [temp_db]> CREATE TABLE `table_MyISAM` (
-> `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-> `name` varchar(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_1` varchar(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_2` varchar(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_ms` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_ws` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_wa` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_t` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `name_o` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `street` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `street_t` varchar(250) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `lat` decimal(8,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.0000,
-> `lng` decimal(8,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.0000,
-> `latlng` varchar(15) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
-> `geohash` char(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `phone` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `website` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `facebook_id` varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-> `city_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-> `gd_city_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
-> ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.564 sec)
# alter empty tables
MariaDB [temp_db]> alter table `table_InnoDB`
-> add primary key (id),
-> add index (street(50), name(50)),
-> add index (street(50), city_id),
-> add index (street(50), gd_city_id),
-> add index (name(50), website),
-> add index (website, city_id),
-> add index (website, gd_city_id),
-> add index (phone, website),
-> add index (phone, name(50)),
-> add index (latlng, name(50)),
-> add index (city_id, name(50)),
-> add index (gd_city_id, name(50)),
-> add index (name_t(50), street(50)),
-> add index (street_t(50), name_t(50)),
-> add index (name_t(50), website),
-> add index (name_t(50), phone);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (11.812 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [temp_db]> alter table `table_MyISAM`
-> add primary key (id),
-> add index (street(50), name(50)),
-> add index (street(50), city_id),
-> add index (street(50), gd_city_id),
-> add index (name(50), website),
-> add index (website, city_id),
-> add index (website, gd_city_id),
-> add index (phone, website),
-> add index (phone, name(50)),
-> add index (latlng, name(50)),
-> add index (city_id, name(50)),
-> add index (gd_city_id, name(50)),
-> add index (name_t(50), street(50)),
-> add index (street_t(50), name_t(50)),
-> add index (name_t(50), website),
-> add index (name_t(50), phone);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.681 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
# still empty tables
MariaDB [temp_db]> ALTER TABLE `table_InnoDB`
-> DROP PRIMARY KEY,
-> DROP INDEX `name_t_3`,
-> DROP INDEX `name_t_2`,
-> DROP INDEX `street_t`,
-> DROP INDEX `name_t`,
-> DROP INDEX `gd_city_id`,
-> DROP INDEX `city_id`,
-> DROP INDEX `latlng`,
-> DROP INDEX `phone_2`,
-> DROP INDEX `phone`,
-> DROP INDEX `website_2`,
-> DROP INDEX `website`,
-> DROP INDEX `name`,
-> DROP INDEX `street_3`,
-> DROP INDEX `street_2`,
-> DROP INDEX `street`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (6.149 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [temp_db]> ALTER TABLE `table_MyISAM`
-> DROP PRIMARY KEY,
-> DROP INDEX `name_t_3`,
-> DROP INDEX `name_t_2`,
-> DROP INDEX `street_t`,
-> DROP INDEX `name_t`,
-> DROP INDEX `gd_city_id`,
-> DROP INDEX `city_id`,
-> DROP INDEX `latlng`,
-> DROP INDEX `phone_2`,
-> DROP INDEX `phone`,
-> DROP INDEX `website_2`,
-> DROP INDEX `website`,
-> DROP INDEX `name`,
-> DROP INDEX `street_3`,
-> DROP INDEX `street_2`,
-> DROP INDEX `street`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.730 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
# insert data
MariaDB [temp_db]> INSERT table_InnoDB (`id`, `name`, `name_1`, `name_2`, `name_ms`, `name_ws`, `name_wa`, `name_t`, `name_o`, `street`, `street_t`, `lat`, `lng`, `latlng`, `geohash`, `phone`, `website`, `facebook_id`, `city_id`, `gd_city_id`) SELECT `id`, `name`, `name_1`, `name_2`, `name_ms`, `name_ws`, `name_wa`, `name_t`, `name_o`, `street`, `street_t`, `lat`, `lng`, `latlng`, `geohash`, `phone`, `website`, `facebook_id`, `city_id`, `gd_city_id` FROM test_data;
Query OK, 127451 rows affected (53.041 sec)
Records: 127451 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [temp_db]> INSERT table_MyISAM (`id`, `name`, `name_1`, `name_2`, `name_ms`, `name_ws`, `name_wa`, `name_t`, `name_o`, `street`, `street_t`, `lat`, `lng`, `latlng`, `geohash`, `phone`, `website`, `facebook_id`, `city_id`, `gd_city_id`) SELECT `id`, `name`, `name_1`, `name_2`, `name_ms`, `name_ws`, `name_wa`, `name_t`, `name_o`, `street`, `street_t`, `lat`, `lng`, `latlng`, `geohash`, `phone`, `website`, `facebook_id`, `city_id`, `gd_city_id` FROM test_data;
Query OK, 127451 rows affected (1.125 sec)
Records: 127451 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
# alter tables with 127451 rows
MariaDB [temp_db]> alter table `table_InnoDB`
-> add primary key (id),
-> add index (street(50), name(50)),
-> add index (street(50), city_id),
-> add index (street(50), gd_city_id),
-> add index (name(50), website),
-> add index (website, city_id),
-> add index (website, gd_city_id),
-> add index (phone, website),
-> add index (phone, name(50)),
-> add index (latlng, name(50)),
-> add index (city_id, name(50)),
-> add index (gd_city_id, name(50)),
-> add index (name_t(50), street(50)),
-> add index (street_t(50), name_t(50)),
-> add index (name_t(50), website),
-> add index (name_t(50), phone);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (32 min 33.282 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [temp_db]> alter table `table_MyISAM`
-> add primary key (id),
-> add index (street(50), name(50)),
-> add index (street(50), city_id),
-> add index (street(50), gd_city_id),
-> add index (name(50), website),
-> add index (website, city_id),
-> add index (website, gd_city_id),
-> add index (phone, website),
-> add index (phone, name(50)),
-> add index (latlng, name(50)),
-> add index (city_id, name(50)),
-> add index (gd_city_id, name(50)),
-> add index (name_t(50), street(50)),
-> add index (street_t(50), name_t(50)),
-> add index (name_t(50), website),
-> add index (name_t(50), phone);
Query OK, 127451 rows affected (5.976 sec)
Records: 127451 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
10.3.13-MariaDB配置：
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
tmpdir = /mnt/ssd/tmp/
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=1
key_buffer_size = 1G
max_connections = 300
max_user_connections = 280
table_open_cache = 42192
open_files_limit = 165832
max_allowed_packet = 16M
log_warnings = 0
extra_port = 3307
extra_max_connections = 4
sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
performance_schema = ON
###############innodb###############
innodb_file_per_table = ON
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 15G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 15
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_log_file_size = 2G
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
####################################
sort_buffer_size = 12M
read_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 256
thread_stack=512K
thread_handling = one-thread-per-connection
thread_pool_max_threads = 500
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
net_buffer_length = 1048576
net_read_timeout = 600
net_write_timeout = 600
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
aria_sort_buffer_size = 2G
aria_pagecache_buffer_size = 2G
query_cache_type = OFF
max_heap_table_size = 512M
tmp_table_size = 512M
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
init-connect="SET NAMES utf8"
default_storage_engine="MyISAM"
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mariadb/mariadb-slow.log
long-query-time = 5
slow_query_log = 0
skip-name-resolve
low_priority_updates = 1
在变更表中，SSD繁忙100％，但是只有几百个iops和几MB / s的读/写。
其他测试：服务器与myworkstation
服务器（在alter table engine = InnoDB之后，SSD忙100％：几个轻型cron脚本+复制）：
MariaDB [temp_db]> ALTER TABLE `temp_db`.`table_MyISAM` ADD COLUMN `tmp` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER `gd_city_id`;
Query OK, 127451 rows affected (6.149 sec)
Records: 127451 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [temp_db]> ALTER TABLE `temp_db`.`table_InnoDB` ADD COLUMN `tmp` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER `gd_city_id`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (11.830 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [temp_db]> ALTER TABLE `table_MyISAM` DROP COLUMN `tmp`;
Query OK, 127451 rows affected (5.182 sec)
Records: 127451 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [temp_db]> ALTER TABLE `table_InnoDB` DROP COLUMN `tmp`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (18 min 36.757 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
我的电脑：
MariaDB [test]> ALTER TABLE `table_MyISAM` ADD COLUMN `tmp` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER `gd_city_id`;
Query OK, 127451 rows affected (2.897 sec)
Records: 127451 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [test]> ALTER TABLE `table_InnoDB` ADD COLUMN `tmp` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER `gd_city_id`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.009 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [test]> ALTER TABLE `table_MyISAM` DROP COLUMN `tmp`;
Query OK, 127451 rows affected (2.822 sec)
Records: 127451 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [test]> ALTER TABLE `table_InnoDB` DROP COLUMN `tmp`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.879 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
服务器：49GB RAM，32 CPU。