我在代码中抛出了一堆自定义运行时异常，并且我想确保在所有公共方法中，我记录可能会抛出哪个运行时异常以及原因。
是否有可以帮助我找到缺失的throws子句的编译器选项，Maven插件或自定义工具？使用受检查的异常很容易，如果我错过了一个，编译器只会抱怨。
（或者我完全处于错误的轨道上，是否不应该将它们记录在案，或者根本不应该是运行时异常）
我想到的一件事是使所有运行时异常都被检查为异常，但这将是一次性检查。我想每次进行更改时都要验证我的代码/文档，因此我永远不会忘记记录我的运行时异常。
另一种方法可能是在整个代码中实际检查异常，然后仅在公共api中将它们转换为运行时：
class Foo {
public void publicMethod() {
try {
privateMethod1();
} catch (CheckedFooException e) {
throw new RuntimeFooException(e);
}
}
private void privateMethod1() throws CheckedFooException {
privateMethod2();
}
private void privateMethod2() throws CheckedFooException {
throw new CheckedFooException();
}
}
这将迫使我在所有公共方法中考虑CheckedFooException。然后，要检查是否遗漏了文档，只需对catch.*CheckedFooException进行搜索，然后检查所有throws子句。虽然有点笨拙。
答案 0 :(得分：4)
理解您的问题并研究了这个主题之后，我终于找到了我认为是完成此工作的最佳工具之一。借助此功能，您不仅可以找到未记录的每个throws实例，而且还可以找到不记录任何东西的地方，只是不小心记录了throw值。
其背后的想法是将代码解析为抽象语法树。然后查找方法，并在方法中查找throws语句。如果方法具有任何throw语句，请从这些语句中提取异常名称。然后获取该方法的Javadoc。在Javadoc中检查所有@throw标记，并获取已记录的异常的名称。之后，将异常引发与已记录的异常引发进行比较。最后，您必须自己弄清楚，这取决于您的使用情况。
我用于此目的的工具是JavaParser。您可以在https://github.com/javaparser/javaparser的Github上找到它们。我下载了他们的最新版本。他们的网站位于https://javaparser.org/。他们写了一本关于这个主题的书，他们提到您可以为这本书支付0美元。但是，我没有读到它们，因为它们的程序也有Javadoc版本，可以在https://www.javadoc.io/doc/com.github.javaparser/javaparser-core/3.15.1上找到。
我在下面编写了一个演示代码。这绝不是最终代码。这只是一个例子。您必须对其进行修复以使其适合您的情况。我没有考虑嵌套类，嵌套方法或方法内类中的方法。另外，示例代码仅针对类而非接口编写。但是，很容易修改代码以使其能够处理接口。
为此，您需要下载javaParser并将其构建，并在您的类路径中拥有其javaparser-core-3.15.1.jar或任何版本。
下面是演示的代码，而test.java是我编写的项目中的文件，但您可以使用任何文件。我还在示例代码中添加了注释。
import com.github.javaparser.*;
import com.github.javaparser.ast.CompilationUnit;
import com.github.javaparser.ast.comments.*;
import com.github.javaparser.ast.stmt.*;
import com.github.javaparser.ast.body.*;
import com.github.javaparser.javadoc.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// Set file path
Path path = Paths.get("test.java");
// Set configuration
ParserConfiguration parseConfig = new ParserConfiguration();
parseConfig.setCharacterEncoding(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
parseConfig.setTabSize(4);
parseConfig.setLanguageLevel(ParserConfiguration.LanguageLevel.JAVA_8);
// Get the parser
JavaParser jvParser = new JavaParser(parseConfig);
// Parse the result
ParseResult<CompilationUnit> parseResult = jvParser.parse(path);
// Check for problem
if ( !parseResult.isSuccessful() ) {
System.out.print("Parsing java code fail with the following problems:");
List<Problem> problems = parseResult.getProblems();
for ( Problem problem : problems ){
System.out.println(problem.getMessage());
}
return;
}
// Get the compilationUnit
// No optional checking for Optional<CompilationUnit> due to already check above.
CompilationUnit compilationUnit = parseResult.getResult().get();
// Get Classes
List<ClassOrInterfaceDeclaration> classes = compilationUnit.findAll(ClassOrInterfaceDeclaration.class).stream()
.filter(c -> !c.isInterface())
.collect(Collectors.toList());
// Traverse through each class to get method
for ( ClassOrInterfaceDeclaration c : classes ) {
// Get methods
List<MethodDeclaration> methods = c.getMethods();
for ( MethodDeclaration method : methods ) {
// Get the body statement
Optional <BlockStmt> body = method.getBody();
// if no body continue
if ( !body.isPresent() ) continue;
// After getting the body of the method code
// Search for the throw statements.
List<ThrowStmt> throwStatements = body.get().findAll(ThrowStmt.class);
// No throw statements, skip
if ( throwStatements.size() == 0 ) continue;
// Storing name of exceptions thrown into this list.
List<String> exceptionsThrown = new ArrayList<String>();
for ( ThrowStmt stmt : throwStatements ){
// Convert the throw expression to object creation expression and get the type.
String exceptionName = stmt.getExpression().asObjectCreationExpr().getType().toString();
if ( !exceptionsThrown.contains(exceptionName) ) exceptionsThrown.add(exceptionName);
}
/*
* Debug block for up to this point
System.out.println(method.getName());
System.out.println(exceptionsThrown);
System.out.println();
*
**/
// Get The Javadoc
Optional<Javadoc> javadoc = method.getJavadoc();
// To store the throws Tags
List<JavadocBlockTag> throwTags;
// A list of thrown exception that been documented.
List<String> exceptionsDocumented = new ArrayList<String>();
if ( javadoc.isPresent() ) {
throwTags = javadoc.get()
.getBlockTags()
.stream()
.filter(t -> t.getType() == JavadocBlockTag.Type.THROWS)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
for ( JavadocBlockTag tag : throwTags ) {
/*
* This may be buggy as
* the code assumed @throw exception
* to be on its own line. Therefore
* it will just take the first line as the exception name.
*/
String exceptionName = tag.getContent().toText()
.split("\n")[0]; // Use system line separator or change
// line accordingly.
if ( !exceptionsDocumented.contains(exceptionName) )
exceptionsDocumented.add(exceptionName);
}
}
// getBegin can extract the line out. But evaluating the optional would take some more code
// and is just for example so this was done like this without any checking.
System.out.println("Method: " + method.getName() + " at line " + method.getBegin());
System.out.println("Throws Exceptions: ");
System.out.println(exceptionsThrown);
System.out.println("Documented Exceptions:");
System.out.println(exceptionsDocumented);
System.out.println(System.lineSeparator() + System.lineSeparator());
}
}
}
}
test.java内容：
package host.fai.lib.faiNumber;
/*
* Copyright 2019 Khang Hoang Nguyen
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
* a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
**/
/**
* <p>The <code>Base2Util</code> class is a final class that provides
* static methods for converting base 2 numbering system values in
* string representation to a Java's Primitive Data Type.
*
* <p>Currently this class supports converting base 2 numbers values
* in string representation to integer int values and integer
* long values.
*
* <p>This class can parse unsigned base 2 numbers to a supported
* integer signed type as if the integer type is unsigned. However,
* some of the values must be interprete properly to get the correct
* result.
*
* <p>Example for interpreting signed value as unsigned value.
*
* <p>It is possible to store the value of 18446744073709551615L
* into a long(signed) value. However, if that value is stored into a
* signed long integer type and if we were to interprete the value
* normally, we would get a -1L value. However, if the -1L value is
* pass to LongUtil.toStringAsUnsigned, we would get
* 18446744073709551615 in string format.
*
* <p>The following example is to get to -1L. First, we assign a value
* of 9223372036854775807L to an interger long variable, multiply that
* variable to 2L, and add 1L to it.
* <pre>
* long a = 9223372036854775807L * 2L + 1L;
* System.out.println(a);
* System.out.println(LongUtil.toStringAsUnsigned(a));
* </pre>
*
* <p>Example methods for interprete signed type as unsigned type
* in a decimal strings value are
* {@link IntUtil#toStringAsUnsigned(int) IntUtil.toStringAsUnsigned}
* and {@link LongUtil#toStringAsUnsigned(long) LongUtil.toStringAsUnsigned}.
* </p>
*
* @author Khang Hoang Nguyen
*
* @since 1.0.0.f
**/
public final class Base2Util{
private Base2Util(){};
/**
* Parse the input string as signed base 2 digits representation
* into an integer int value.
*
* @param input
* A string to be parsed as signed base 2 number to an
* integer int value.
*
* @return An integer int value of the signed base 2 number
* {@code input} string.
*
* @throws NumberFormatException
* If the {@code input} string contains invalid signed
* base 2 digits, if the {@code input} string contains a
* value that is smaller than the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE(
* {@value java.lang.Integer#MIN_VALUE}),
* or if the {@code input} string contains a value that
* is larger than the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE(
* {@value java.lang.Integer#MAX_VALUE}).
*
* @throws EmptyStringException
* If the {@code input} string is empty.
*
* @since 1.0.0.f
**/
public static final int toInt(final String input){
final int length = input.length();
if ( length == 0 ) throw new EmptyStringException();
final char ch1 = input.charAt(0); int start;
if ( ch1 == '-' || ch1 == '+' ){
if ( length == 1 ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
start = 1;
} else {
start = 0;
}
int out = 0, c;
while ( start < length && input.charAt(start) == '0' ) start++;
final int runlen = length - start;
if ( runlen > 31 ){
if ( runlen > 32 ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
if ( ch1 != '-' ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
if ( input.charAt(start++) != '1') throw new NumberFormatException(input);
for ( ; start < length; start++){
if ( input.charAt(start) != '0' ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
}
return -2147483648;
}
for ( ; start < length; start++){
c = (input.charAt(start) ^ '0');
if ( c > 1 ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
out = (out << 1) | c;
}
if ( ch1 == '-' ) return ~out + 1;
return out;
}
/**
* Parse the input string as unsigned base 2 number representation
* into an integer int value as if the integer int is an unsigned
* type. For values that need to be interpreted correctly, see the
* {@link IntUtil#toStringAsUnsigned(int) toStringAsUnsigned} method
* of the {@link IntUtil IntUtil} class.
*
* @param input
* A string to be parsed as unsigned base 2 number to an
* integer int value as if the integer int is an unsigned
* type.
*
* @return An int value that represents an unsigned integer int
* value of the unsigned base 2 number {@code input} string.
*
* @throws NumberFormatException
* If the {@code input} string contains invalid unsigned
* base 2 digits, if the {@code input} string contains a
* value that is beyond the capacity of the integer int
* data type.
*
* @throws EmptyStringException
* If the {@code input} string is empty.
*
* @since 1.0.0.f
**/
public static final int toIntAsUnsigned(final String input){
final int length = input.length();
if ( length == 0 ) throw new EmptyStringException();
int start = 0;
int out = 0, c;
while ( start < length && input.charAt(start) == '0' ) start++;
if ( length - start > 32 ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
for ( ; start < length; start++){
c = (input.charAt(start) ^ '0');
if ( c > 1 ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
out = (out << 1) | c;
}
return out;
}
/**
* Parse the input string as signed base 2 number representation
* into an integer long value.
*
* @param input
* A string to be parsed as signed base 2 number to an
* integer long value.
*
* @return An integer long value of the signed base 2 number
* {@code input} string.
*
* @throws NumberFormatException
* If the {@code input} string contains invalid signed
* base 2 digits, if the {@code input} string contains a
* value that is smaller than the value of Long.MIN_VALUE(
* {@value java.lang.Long#MIN_VALUE}), or if
* the {@code input} string contains a value that is larger
* than the value of Long.MAX_VALUE(
* {@value java.lang.Long#MAX_VALUE}).
*
* @throws EmptyStringException
* If the {@code input} string is empty.
*
* @since 1.0.0.f
**/
public static final long toLong(final String input){
final int length = input.length();
if ( length == 0 ) throw new EmptyStringException();
final char ch1 = input.charAt(0); int start = 0;
if ( ch1 == '-' || ch1 == '+' ){
if ( length == 1 ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
start = 1;
}
long out = 0, c;
while ( start < length && input.charAt(start) == '0' ) start++;
final int runlen = length - start;
if ( runlen > 63 ){
if ( runlen > 64 ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
if ( ch1 != '-' ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
if ( input.charAt(start++) != '1') throw new NumberFormatException(input);
for ( ; start < length; start++){
if ( input.charAt(start) != '0' ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
}
return -9223372036854775808L;
}
for ( ; start < length; start++){
c = (input.charAt(start) ^ '0');
if ( c > 1L ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
out = (out << 1) | c;
}
if ( ch1 == '-' ) return ~out + 1L;
return out;
}
/**
* Parse the input string as unsigned base 2 number representation
* into an integer long value as if the integer long is an unsigned
* type. For values that need to be interpreted correctly, see the
* {@link LongUtil#toStringAsUnsigned(long) toStringAsUnsigned} method
* of the {@link LongUtil LongUtil} class.
*
* @param input
* A string to be parsed as unsigned base 2 number to an
* integer long value as if the integer long is an unsigned
* type.
*
* @return An integer long value represent the unsigned integer
* long value of the unsigned base 2 number {@code input}
* string.
*
* @throws NumberFormatException
* If the {@code input} string contains invalid unsigned
* base 2 digits, or if the {code input} string
* contains a value that is beyond the capacity of the
* long data type.
*
* @throws EmptyStringException
* If the {@code input} string is empty.
*
* @since 1.0.0.f
**/
public static final long toLongAsUnsigned(final String input){
final int length = input.length();
if ( length == 0 ) throw new EmptyStringException();
int start = 0;
long out = 0, c;
while ( start < length && input.charAt(start) == '0' ) start++;
if ( length - start > 64 ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
for ( ; start < length; start++){
c = (input.charAt(start) ^ '0');
if ( c > 1L ) throw new NumberFormatException(input);
out = (out << 1) | c;
}
return out;
}
}
答案 1 :(得分：2)
如果我正确理解了您的问题，则表明您违反了RuntimeException的目的。
如线程here中所述， RuntimeException是客户端不应该处理的。相反，这是客户端无法恢复的情况。在这种情况下，他所能做的就是放弃应用程序或抛出错误。 如果要添加文档来涵盖这些异常，则意味着您非常清楚为什么会发生此异常。在这种情况下，应将其检查为异常，而不是未检查。
因此，从技术上讲，没有库会提供您要寻找的功能，因为不会记录运行时异常。这是设计气味。因此，比添加文档更好地纠正设计。
如果不可能，并且您坚持只使用RuntimeException，那么我建议您看一下answer，并建立自己的Findbugs / checkstyle规则来解决问题。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
让您所有的异常都从一个异常超类继承：
public class MySuperException extends RuntimeException {
}
public class MyException extends MySuperException {
}
要验证是否记录了所有异常，只需交换您的超类（例如，通过在类路径的更高位置提供文件的另一个版本）：
// temporary class, only for compile time checks
// do not export this into jar
public class MySuperException extends Exception {
}
答案 3 :(得分：-1)
请检查Semmle代码分析，其中包含查询“ Missing Javadoc for thrown exception”
Semmle具有LGTM和QL插件，可以从IDE（如Eclipse）中使用。
或 作为一种替代方法，请使用类似于Eclipse插件JAutodoc的方法来完成现有的Javadoc。