Question

我想安排每小时运行我的python脚本并将数据保存在elasticsearch索引中。因此，我使用了我编写的函数set_interval，该函数使用了tweepy库。但这无法正常工作，因为我需要它。它每分钟运行一次，并将数据保存在索引中。即使设置了等于3600的秒数，它也会在每分钟运行。但是我想将其配置为每小时运行一次。

我该如何解决？这是我的python脚本：

def call_at_interval(time, callback, args):
    while True:
        timer = Timer(time, callback, args=args)
        timer.start()
        timer.join()


def set_interval(time, callback, *args):
    Thread(target=call_at_interval, args=(time, callback, args)).start()


def get_all_tweets(screen_name):
    # authorize twitter, initialize tweepy
    auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
    auth.set_access_token(access_key, access_secret)
    api = tweepy.API(auth)

    screen_name = ""

    # initialize a list to hold all the tweepy Tweets
    alltweets = []

    # make initial request for most recent tweets (200 is the maximum allowed count)
    new_tweets = api.user_timeline(screen_name=screen_name, count=200)

    # save most recent tweets
    alltweets.extend(new_tweets)

    # save the id of the oldest tweet less one
    oldest = alltweets[-1].id - 1

    # keep grabbing tweets until there are no tweets left to grab
    while len(new_tweets) > 0:
        #print
        #"getting tweets before %s" % (oldest)

        # all subsiquent requests use the max_id param to prevent duplicates
        new_tweets = api.user_timeline(screen_name=screen_name, count=200, max_id=oldest)

        # save most recent tweets
        alltweets.extend(new_tweets)

        # update the id of the oldest tweet less one
        oldest = alltweets[-1].id - 1

        #print
        #"...%s tweets downloaded so far" % (len(alltweets))

    outtweets = [{'ID': tweet.id_str, 'Text': tweet.text, 'Date': tweet.created_at, 'author': tweet.user.screen_name} for tweet in alltweets]

    def save_es(outtweets, es):  # Peps8 convention
        data = [  # Please without s in data
            {
                "_index": "index name",
                "_type": "type name",
                "_id": index,
                "_source": ID
            }
            for index, ID in enumerate(outtweets)
        ]
        helpers.bulk(es, data)

    save_es(outtweets, es)

    print('Run at:')
    print(datetime.now())
    print("\n")

    set_interval(3600, get_all_tweets(screen_name))

Answer 1

为什么您每小时需要做那么多复杂的事情呢？您可以按照以下方式每隔一小时运行一次脚本，请注意，脚本需要运行1个小时+才能运行：

import time


def do_some_work():
    print("Do some work")
    time.sleep(1)
    print("Some work is done!")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    time.sleep(60)  # imagine you would like to start work in 1 minute first time
    while True:
        do_some_work()
        time.sleep(3600)  # do work every one hour

如果要每隔一小时准确运行一次脚本，请在下面执行以下代码：

import time
import threading


def do_some_work():
    print("Do some work")
    time.sleep(4)
    print("Some work is done!")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    time.sleep(60)  # imagine you would like to start work in 1 minute first time
    while True:
        thr = threading.Thread(target=do_some_work)
        thr.start()
        time.sleep(3600)  # do work every one hour

在这种情况下，thr应该可以比3600秒更快地完成工作，尽管没有完成，您仍然会得到结果，但是结果将来自其他尝试，请参见以下示例：

import time
import threading


class AttemptCount:
    def __init__(self, attempt_number):
        self.attempt_number = attempt_number


def do_some_work(_attempt_number):
    print(f"Do some work {_attempt_number.attempt_number}")
    time.sleep(4)
    print(f"Some work is done! {_attempt_number.attempt_number}")
    _attempt_number.attempt_number += 1


if __name__ == "__main__":
    attempt_number = AttemptCount(1)
    time.sleep(1)  # imagine you would like to start work in 1 minute first time
    while True:
        thr = threading.Thread(target=do_some_work, args=(attempt_number, ),)
        thr.start()
        time.sleep(1)  # do work every one hour

在这种情况下，您会遇到的结果是：

做点工作1 做一些工作1 做一些工作1 做一些工作1 一些工作完成了！ 1个做一些工作2 一些工作完成了！ 2 做些工作3 一些工作完成了！ 3 做一些工作4 一些工作完成了！ 4 做一些工作5 一些工作完成了！ 5 做些工作6 一些工作完成了！ 6 做一些工作7 一些工作完成了！ 7 做些工作8 一些工作完成了！ 8 做一些工作9

我喜欢将subprocess.Popen用于此类任务，如果子子进程由于某种原因未能在一小时内完成工作，则只需终止子进程并重新启动它即可。

您还可以使用CRON安排某些进程每隔一小时运行一次。

Answer 2

摆脱所有计时器代码，只需编写逻辑并 cron 会为您完成这项工作，因为您需要在crontab -e

之后将其添加到文件末尾

0 * * * * /path/to/python /path/to/script.py

0 * * * *表示每隔 zero 分钟运行一次，您可以找到更多的解释here

我还注意到您正在递归调用get_all_tweets(screen_name)，我想您可能必须从外部调用它

只需保持脚本如此

def get_all_tweets(screen_name):
    # authorize twitter, initialize tweepy
    auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
    auth.set_access_token(access_key, access_secret)
    api = tweepy.API(auth)

    screen_name = ""

    # initialize a list to hold all the tweepy Tweets
    alltweets = []

    # make initial request for most recent tweets (200 is the maximum allowed count)
    new_tweets = api.user_timeline(screen_name=screen_name, count=200)

    # save most recent tweets
    alltweets.extend(new_tweets)

    # save the id of the oldest tweet less one
    oldest = alltweets[-1].id - 1

    # keep grabbing tweets until there are no tweets left to grab
    while len(new_tweets) > 0:
        #print
        #"getting tweets before %s" % (oldest)

        # all subsiquent requests use the max_id param to prevent duplicates
        new_tweets = api.user_timeline(screen_name=screen_name, count=200, max_id=oldest)

        # save most recent tweets
        alltweets.extend(new_tweets)

        # update the id of the oldest tweet less one
        oldest = alltweets[-1].id - 1

        #print
        #"...%s tweets downloaded so far" % (len(alltweets))

    outtweets = [{'ID': tweet.id_str, 'Text': tweet.text, 'Date': tweet.created_at, 'author': tweet.user.screen_name} for tweet in alltweets]

    def save_es(outtweets, es):  # Peps8 convention
        data = [  # Please without s in data
            {
                "_index": "index name",
                "_type": "type name",
                "_id": index,
                "_source": ID
            }
            for index, ID in enumerate(outtweets)
        ]
        helpers.bulk(es, data)

    save_es(outtweets, es)

get_all_tweets("") #your screen name here

每小时运行python脚本

2 个答案: