Python：Windows 10上的“ pip install gmpy”返回“ cl.exe'失败，退出状态为2”

Question

我已经在Windows10上安装了Pyhton 3.7，当我运行pip install gmpy时，控制台会向我返回此错误：

Collecting gmpy
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/26/37/2184c13cee81e1dbeaebbb13570195247e73ab2138a3db0c9d2c5347e372/gmpy-1.17.zip
Building wheels for collected packages: gmpy
  Building wheel for gmpy (setup.py) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: 'c:\python37\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\franc\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-du1j9u7s\\gmpy\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\franc\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-du1j9u7s\\gmpy\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d 'C:\Users\franc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-nz4_kuat' --python-tag cp37
       cwd: C:\Users\franc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-du1j9u7s\gmpy\
  Complete output (12 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_ext
  building 'gmpy' extension
  creating build
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.7
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release\src
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.23.28105\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MT -Ic:\python37\include -Ic:\python37\include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.23.28105\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.7.2\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\cppwinrt" /Tcsrc/gmpy.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release\src/gmpy.obj
  gmpy.c
  C:\Users\franc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-du1j9u7s\gmpy\src\gmpy.h(30): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'gmp.h': No such file or directory
  error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.23.28105\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for gmpy
  Running setup.py clean for gmpy
Failed to build gmpy
Installing collected packages: gmpy
    Running setup.py install for gmpy ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'c:\python37\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\franc\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-du1j9u7s\\gmpy\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\franc\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-du1j9u7s\\gmpy\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\franc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-q7ltkyyx\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile
         cwd: C:\Users\franc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-du1j9u7s\gmpy\
    Complete output (12 lines):
    running install
    running build
    running build_ext
    building 'gmpy' extension
    creating build
    creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.7
    creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release
    creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release\src
    C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.23.28105\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MT -Ic:\python37\include -Ic:\python37\include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.23.28105\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.7.2\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\cppwinrt" /Tcsrc/gmpy.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release\src/gmpy.obj
    gmpy.c
    C:\Users\franc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-du1j9u7s\gmpy\src\gmpy.h(30): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'gmp.h': No such file or directory
    error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.23.28105\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\python37\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\franc\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-du1j9u7s\\gmpy\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\franc\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-du1j9u7s\\gmpy\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\franc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-q7ltkyyx\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile Check the logs for full command output.

此行中的错误：

error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.23.28105\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2

基本上，这意味着Python需要cl.exe并且期望它在以下位置：

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.23.28105\bin\Hostx86\x64

没问题，我转到环境变量，然后为我的用户和系统添加该路径：

然后我通过在终端中输入cl.exe来检查cl在路径中是否成功，并且可以正常工作：

但是当我再次运行pip install gmpy时，我遇到了相同的错误。

编辑：我也尝试过pip install gmpy2，但收到相同的错误。

我在哪里错了？

Answer 1

好吧，实际的问题是您缺少一些头文件gmp.h：

C:\Users\franc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-du1j9u7s\gmpy\src\gmpy.h(30): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'gmp.h': No such file or directory

我建议您尝试使用gmpy2，这是较新的版本。它具有在PyPI上用于Windows的轮子，但不幸的是，它们用于旧版本的Python。 here提供了用于最新Python版本的预构建轮子。这些文件以Python版本（例如对于CPython 3.7的cp37）和体系结构（例如对于64位的amd64）命名

可以像这样安装车轮：

pip install gmpy2‑2.0.8‑cp37‑cp37m‑win_amd64.whl