我正在使用相机应用程序。我需要捕获视频并将其保存。我已经使用Camera2 API而不是Camera API创建了一个项目。但是，该应用程序无法在我的手机（棉花糖6.0）上运行，但可以在模拟器（Android 7.0）上运行。
我想创建一个在所有手机（Android 6.0到9.0）上都兼容的应用程序。 我该如何做而不会崩溃？
我的代码（来自YouTube教程）：
MainActivity
package com.example.camera2video;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.graphics.Camera;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraAccessException;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCaptureSession;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCharacteristics;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraDevice;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraManager;
import android.hardware.camera2.CaptureRequest;
import android.hardware.camera2.params.StreamConfigurationMap;
import android.media.MediaRecorder;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.util.Size;
import android.util.SparseIntArray;
import android.view.Surface;
import android.view.TextureView;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
//************************************
private static final int REQUEST_CAMERA_PERMISSION_RESULT = 0;
private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_RESULT = 1;
//************************************
private TextureView mTextureView;
private TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener mTextureViewSurface = new TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener() {
@Override
public void onSurfaceTextureAvailable(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture, int i, int i1) {
setupCamera(i, i1);
connectCamera();
}
@Override
public void onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture, int i, int i1) {
}
@Override
public boolean onSurfaceTextureDestroyed(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
return false;
}
@Override
public void onSurfaceTextureUpdated(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
}
};
private CameraDevice mCameraDevice;
private CameraDevice.StateCallback mCameraStateCallback = new CameraDevice.StateCallback() {
@Override
public void onOpened(@NonNull CameraDevice cameraDevice) {
mCameraDevice = cameraDevice;
if(recordingStatus) {
try {
createVideoFileName();
startRecord();
mMediaRecorder.start();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
startPreview();
}
}
@Override
public void onDisconnected(@NonNull CameraDevice cameraDevice) {
cameraDevice.close();
mCameraDevice = null;
}
@Override
public void onError(@NonNull CameraDevice cameraDevice, int i) {
cameraDevice.close();
mCameraDevice = null;
}
};
private Handler mBackgroundHandler;
private HandlerThread mBackgroundHandlerThread;
private String mCameraID;
private Size mPreviewSize;
private CaptureRequest.Builder mCaptureRequestBuilder;
private Button startButton;
private Button stopButton;
private boolean recordingStatus = false;
//***************
private File mVideoFolder;
private String mVideoFileName;
private int mTotalRotation;
private Size mVideoSize;
private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder;
//***************
private static SparseIntArray ORIENTATIONS = new SparseIntArray();
static {
ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 0);
ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 90);
ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 180);
ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 270);
}
private static class CompareSizeByArea implements Comparator<Size> {
@Override
public int compare(Size size, Size t1) {
return Long.signum((long) size.getWidth() * (long) size.getHeight() / (long) t1.getWidth() * (long) t1.getHeight());
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mTextureView = findViewById(R.id.textureView);
startButton = findViewById(R.id.startButton);
startButton.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);
//*******************
createVideoFolder();
mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
//*******************
startButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
if(recordingStatus) {
recordingStatus = false;
startButton.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);
//****************************
mMediaRecorder.stop();
mMediaRecorder.reset();
//****************************
startPreview();
} else {
//****************************
checkWriteStoragePermission();
//****************************
}
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
startBackgroundThread();
if(mTextureView.isAvailable()) {
setupCamera(mTextureView.getWidth(), mTextureView.getHeight());
connectCamera();
} else {
mTextureView.setSurfaceTextureListener(mTextureViewSurface);
}
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
cameraClose();
stopBackgroundThread();
super.onPause();
}
@Override
public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus) {
super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasFocus);
View decorView = getWindow().getDecorView();
if(hasFocus) {
decorView.setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE
| View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY
| View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_FULLSCREEN
| View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_HIDE_NAVIGATION
| View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN
| View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION);
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if(requestCode == REQUEST_CAMERA_PERMISSION_RESULT) {
if(grantResults[0] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Toast.makeText(this, "This APP requied to Camera permission.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
//************************************
if(requestCode == REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_RESULT) {
if(grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
recordingStatus = true;
startButton.setTextColor(Color.RED);
try {
createVideoFileName();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "This APP needs External Write Permission.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
//**************************************
}
private void setupCamera(int width, int height) {
CameraManager cameraManager = (CameraManager) getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
try {
for(String cameraID : cameraManager.getCameraIdList()) {
CameraCharacteristics cameraCharacteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(cameraID);
if(cameraCharacteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING) == CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING_FRONT) {
continue;
}
StreamConfigurationMap streamConfigurationMap = cameraCharacteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.SCALER_STREAM_CONFIGURATION_MAP);
int deviceOrientation = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
mTotalRotation = sensorToDeviceRotation(cameraCharacteristics, deviceOrientation);
boolean swapRotation = mTotalRotation == 90 || mTotalRotation == 270;
int rotatedWidth = width;
int rotatedHeight = height;
if(swapRotation) {
rotatedWidth = height;
rotatedHeight = width;
}
mPreviewSize = chooseOptimalSize(streamConfigurationMap.getOutputSizes(SurfaceTexture.class), rotatedWidth, rotatedHeight);
mVideoSize = chooseOptimalSize(streamConfigurationMap.getOutputSizes(MediaRecorder.class), rotatedWidth, rotatedHeight);
mCameraID = cameraID;
return;
}
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void connectCamera () {
CameraManager cameraManager = (CameraManager) getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
try {
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
cameraManager.openCamera(mCameraID, mCameraStateCallback, mBackgroundHandler);
} else {
if(shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.CAMERA)) {
Toast.makeText(this, "This APP requied access to Camera permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
requestPermissions(new String[] {Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, REQUEST_CAMERA_PERMISSION_RESULT);
}
} else {
cameraManager.openCamera(mCameraID, mCameraStateCallback, mBackgroundHandler);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void startPreview () {
SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture = mTextureView.getSurfaceTexture();
surfaceTexture.setDefaultBufferSize(mPreviewSize.getWidth(), mPreviewSize.getHeight());
Surface previewSurface = new Surface(surfaceTexture);
try {
mCaptureRequestBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
mCaptureRequestBuilder.addTarget(previewSurface);
mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Arrays.asList(previewSurface), new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() {
@Override
public void onConfigured(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
try {
cameraCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(mCaptureRequestBuilder.build(), null, mBackgroundHandler);
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onConfigureFailed(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Unable to camera setup", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}, null);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void cameraClose() {
if(mCameraDevice != null) {
mCameraDevice.close();
mCameraDevice = null;
}
}
private void startBackgroundThread () {
mBackgroundHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("camera2video");
mBackgroundHandlerThread.start();
mBackgroundHandler = new Handler(mBackgroundHandlerThread.getLooper());
}
private void stopBackgroundThread () {
mBackgroundHandlerThread.quitSafely();
try {
mBackgroundHandlerThread.join();
mBackgroundHandlerThread = null;
mBackgroundHandler = null;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static int sensorToDeviceRotation(CameraCharacteristics cameraCharacteristics, int deviceOrientation) {
int sensorOrientation = cameraCharacteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION);
deviceOrientation = ORIENTATIONS.get(deviceOrientation);
return (deviceOrientation + sensorOrientation + 360) % 360;
}
private static Size chooseOptimalSize (Size[] choices, int width, int height) {
List<Size> bigEnough = new ArrayList<Size>();
for(Size option:choices) {
if(option.getHeight() == option.getWidth() * height / width && option.getWidth() >= width && option.getWidth() >= height) {
bigEnough.add(option);
}
}
if(bigEnough.size() > 0) {
return Collections.min(bigEnough, new CompareSizeByArea());
} else {
return choices[0];
}
}
//***********************
private void createVideoFolder () {
File videoFile = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM);
mVideoFolder = new File(videoFile, "cam2video");
if(!mVideoFolder.exists()) {
mVideoFolder.mkdirs();
}
}
private File createVideoFileName() throws IOException {
String timestamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
String prepend = "VIDEO_"+timestamp+"_";
File videoFile = File.createTempFile(prepend, ".mp4", mVideoFolder);
mVideoFileName = videoFile.getAbsolutePath();
return videoFile;
}
private void checkWriteStoragePermission() {
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M){
if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
recordingStatus = true;
startButton.setTextColor(Color.RED);
try {
createVideoFileName();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
startRecord();
mMediaRecorder.start();
} else {
if(shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
Toast.makeText(this, "This APP needs Write Storage Permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_RESULT);
}
} else {
recordingStatus = true;
startButton.setTextColor(Color.RED);
try {
createVideoFileName();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
startRecord();
mMediaRecorder.start();
}
}
private void setupMediaRecorder () throws IOException {
mMediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.SURFACE);
mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);
mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(mVideoFileName);
mMediaRecorder.setVideoEncodingBitRate(10000000);
mMediaRecorder.setVideoFrameRate(30);
mMediaRecorder.setVideoSize(mVideoSize.getWidth(), mVideoSize.getHeight());
mMediaRecorder.setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.H264);
mMediaRecorder.setOrientationHint(mTotalRotation);
mMediaRecorder.prepare();
}
private void startRecord() {
try {
setupMediaRecorder();
SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture = mTextureView.getSurfaceTexture();
surfaceTexture.setDefaultBufferSize(mPreviewSize.getWidth(), mPreviewSize.getHeight());
Surface previewSurface = new Surface(surfaceTexture);
Surface recordSurface = mMediaRecorder.getSurface();
mCaptureRequestBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_RECORD);
mCaptureRequestBuilder.addTarget(previewSurface);
mCaptureRequestBuilder.addTarget(recordSurface);
mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Arrays.asList(previewSurface, recordSurface),
new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() {
@Override
public void onConfigured(CameraCaptureSession session) {
try {
session.setRepeatingRequest(
mCaptureRequestBuilder.build(), null, null
);
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onConfigureFailed(CameraCaptureSession session) {
}
}, null);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//***********************
}
布局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center_horizontal">
<TextureView
android:id="@+id/textureView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"></TextureView>
<Button
android:id="@+id/startButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:text="RECORD"
android:textSize="22sp"
android:padding="20dp"></Button>
</RelativeLayout>
Android清单
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.camera2video">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>