硒无法通过类名称查找元素

Question

我想使用Python向this webpage发送消息。

可以使用Python进行以下操作：

这就是为什么我用Selenium尝试以下脚本的原因：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from selenium import webdriver


api_location = 'http://iphoneapp.spareroom.co.uk'
api_search_endpoint = 'flatshares'
api_details_endpoint = 'flatshares'

location = 'http://www.spareroom.co.uk'
details_endpoint = 'flatshare/flatshare_detail.pl?flatshare_id='

def contact_room(room_id):
    url = '{location}/{endpoint}/{id}?format=json'.format(location=api_location, endpoint=api_details_endpoint, id=room_id)
    print(url)
    driver_path = 'C:\Program Files\chromedriver'
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = driver_path )  # Optional argument, if not specified will search path.
    # Go to your page url
    driver.get(url)
    # Get button you are going to click by its id ( also you could use find_element_by_css_selector to get element by css selector)
    button_element = driver.find_element_by_class_name('button button--wide')
    button_element.click()

但是它返回：

contact_room(14110387)

(roo_env) (base) C:\Users\antoi\Documents\Programming\roomfinder>python test_message.py
http://iphoneapp.spareroom.co.uk/flatshares/14110387

DevTools listening on ws://127.0.0.1:51038/devtools/browser/401513e8-f221-47f1-ba6b-a7b7f598d839
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test_message.py", line 24, in <module>
    contact_room(14110387)
  File "test_message.py", line 21, in contact_room
    button_element = driver.find_element_by_class_name('button button--wide')
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 564, in find_element_by_class_name
    return self.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value=name)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 978, in find_element
    'value': value})['value']
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":".button button--wide"}
  (Session info: chrome=77.0.3865.120)

访问消息页面的按钮属于button button--wide类。实际上，在源代码中有：

<a class="button button--wide" data-ga-event-category="Listing Details" data-ga-event-action="clicked" data-ga-event-label="contact-box-email" href="/flatshare/flatshare_detail.pl?flatshare_id=14110387&amp;mode=contact&amp;submode=byemail&amp;flatshare_type=offered&amp;search_id=896264077&amp;search_results=%2Fflatshare%2F%3Fsearch_id%3D896264077%26&amp;city_id=9&amp;featured=&amp;alert_id=&amp;alert_type=&amp;upgrade_required=0&amp;" title="Email advertiser" rel="nofollow"><span><i class="far fa-envelope"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;Message</span></a>

尝试find_element_by_css_selector('.button.button--wide')

不幸的是，它告诉我不能与元素交互：

(roo_env) (base) C:\Users\antoi\Documents\Programming\roomfinder>python test_message.py
http://iphoneapp.spareroom.co.uk/flatshares/14110387

DevTools listening on ws://127.0.0.1:52677/devtools/browser/4965ddbe-4b24-4ae7-a7f5-e44a8cbf2eef
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test_message.py", line 25, in <module>
    contact_room(14110387)
  File "test_message.py", line 23, in contact_room
    button_element.click()
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webelement.py", line 80, in click
    self._execute(Command.CLICK_ELEMENT)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webelement.py", line 633, in _execute
    return self._parent.execute(command, params)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.ElementNotInteractableException: Message: element not interactable
  (Session info: chrome=77.0.3865.120)

Answer 1

正确的CSS选择器为：.button.button--wide：

因此，在您的情况下，它将是：

...
button_element = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".button.button--wide")
...

UPD：另外，您可以尝试使用显式等待定位元素：

from selenium.webdriver.support import ui
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

...
button_element = ui.WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".button.button--wide")))
button_element.click()

完全有效的代码是：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import ui
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


API_LOCATION = "http://iphoneapp.spareroom.co.uk"
API_DETAILS_ENDPOINT = "flatshares"
ID = "14110387"
URL = "{location}/{endpoint}/{id}".format(
    location=API_LOCATION, endpoint=API_DETAILS_ENDPOINT, id=ID)

DRIVER = webdriver.Chrome()
DRIVER.get(URL)
ui.WebDriverWait(DRIVER, 10).until(
    EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a.button.button--wide"))).click()

希望对您有帮助！

Answer 2

该元素可能未加载，因此可能会出现no such element错误。您可以添加

driver.implicitly_wait(15)

行，然后搜索元素。 （在这种情况下，在driver.find_element_by_class_name('button button--wide')行之前。）

别担心，它不会等待15秒。每当元素被加载时，硒都会找到它。

Answer 3

您可以尝试通过xpath获取元素（更简单）：

看看这篇文章：Is there a way to get the XPath in Google Chrome?

button_element = driver.find_element_by_xpath('your_xpath')
button_element.click()

Answer 4

由于在函数中传递了错误的参数值，所以在浏览器中获取json的原因。 您提供了api_details_endpoint而不是details_endpoint这个变量。 第二个问题是，使用class_name也有11个元素可以使用父元素来唯一。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

api_location = 'http://iphoneapp.spareroom.co.uk'
api_search_endpoint = 'flatshares'
api_details_endpoint = 'flatshares'

location = 'http://www.spareroom.co.uk'
details_endpoint = 'flatshare/flatshare_detail.pl?flatshare_id='

def contact_room(room_id):
    url = '{location}/{endpoint}/{id}?format=json'.format(location=api_location, endpoint=details_endpoint, id=room_id)
    print(url)
    driver_path = 'C:\Program Files\chromedriver'
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = driver_path )  # Optional argument, if not specified will search path.
    # Go to your page url
    driver.get(url)
    WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"li.emailadvertiser > .button.button--wide"))).click()
    # Get button you are going to click by its id ( also you could use find_element_by_css_selector to get element by css selector)
    # button_element = driver.find_element_by_class_name('button button--wide')
    # button_element.click()

contact_room(14110387)