我对Docker和Django还是很陌生。我正在尝试为在Docker容器中运行的REST-ful API建立Django项目。我正在尝试从dockerfile中的RUN命令导入relavent python软件包，但是，并非所有软件包都已成功安装。
这是我正在使用的文件以及出现的错误。
Dockerfile：
FROM python:3
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
RUN mkdir /code
WORKDIR /code
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
docker-compose.yml：
version: '3'
services:
db:
image: postgres
environment:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: password
web:
build: .
# command: bash -c "pip install -r requirements.txt && python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000"
command: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
volumes:
- .:/code
ports:
- "8000:8000"
depends_on:
- db
requirements.txt
djangorestframework
django-filter
markdown
Django
psycopg2
执行docker-compose up时得到此输出
Starting apiTest_db_1 ... done
Recreating apiTest_web_1 ... done
Attaching to apiTest_db_1, apiTest_web_1
db_1 |
db_1 | PostgreSQL Database directory appears to contain a database; Skipping initialization
db_1 |
db_1 | 2020-04-17 21:35:57.022 UTC [1] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12.2 (Debian 12.2-2.pgdg100+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 8.3.0-6) 8.3.0, 64-bit
db_1 | 2020-04-17 21:35:57.023 UTC [1] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
db_1 | 2020-04-17 21:35:57.023 UTC [1] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
db_1 | 2020-04-17 21:35:57.028 UTC [1] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
db_1 | 2020-04-17 21:35:57.075 UTC [27] LOG: database system was shut down at 2020-04-17 21:34:34 UTC
db_1 | 2020-04-17 21:35:57.100 UTC [1] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
web_1 | Watching for file changes with StatReloader
web_1 | Exception in thread django-main-thread:
web_1 | Traceback (most recent call last):
web_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/threading.py", line 932, in _bootstrap_inner
web_1 | self.run()
web_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/threading.py", line 870, in run
web_1 | self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
web_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
web_1 | fn(*args, **kwargs)
web_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 109, in inner_run
web_1 | autoreload.raise_last_exception()
web_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 76, in raise_last_exception
web_1 | raise _exception[1]
web_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 357, in execute
web_1 | autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
web_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
web_1 | fn(*args, **kwargs)
web_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
web_1 | apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
web_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 91, in populate
web_1 | app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
web_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 90, in create
web_1 | module = import_module(entry)
web_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
web_1 | return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
web_1 | File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import
web_1 | File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
web_1 | File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 973, in _find_and_load_unlocked
web_1 | ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'rest_framework'
这表明pip尚未安装djangorestframework。 此外，当我在docker-compose.yml文件中将其注释的行切换为其下方的行时（该部分变为）
command: bash -c "pip install -r requirements.txt && python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000"
# command: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
然后，当我运行docker-compose up时，将得到以下输出。
Creating network "apiTest_default" with the default driver
Creating apiTest_db_1 ... done
Creating apiTest_web_1 ... done
Attaching to apiTest_db_1, apiTest_web_1
db_1 | The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
db_1 | This user must also own the server process.
db_1 |
db_1 | The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.utf8".
db_1 | The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
db_1 | The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
db_1 |
db_1 | Data page checksums are disabled.
db_1 |
db_1 | fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/data ... ok
db_1 | creating subdirectories ... ok
db_1 | selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
db_1 | selecting default max_connections ... 100
db_1 | selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
db_1 | selecting default time zone ... Etc/UTC
db_1 | creating configuration files ... ok
db_1 | running bootstrap script ... ok
db_1 | performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
web_1 | Collecting djangorestframework
db_1 | syncing data to disk ... initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
db_1 | You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
db_1 | --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
db_1 | ok
db_1 |
db_1 |
db_1 | Success. You can now start the database server using:
db_1 |
db_1 | pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/data -l logfile start
db_1 |
db_1 | waiting for server to start....2020-04-17 22:47:22.783 UTC [46] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12.2 (Debian 12.2-2.pgdg100+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 8.3.0-6) 8.3.0, 64-bit
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:22.789 UTC [46] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
web_1 | Downloading djangorestframework-3.11.0-py3-none-any.whl (911 kB)
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:22.823 UTC [47] LOG: database system was shut down at 2020-04-17 22:47:22 UTC
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:22.841 UTC [46] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
db_1 | done
db_1 | server started
db_1 |
db_1 | /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: ignoring /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*
db_1 |
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:22.885 UTC [46] LOG: received fast shutdown request
db_1 | waiting for server to shut down....2020-04-17 22:47:22.889 UTC [46] LOG: aborting any active transactions
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:22.908 UTC [46] LOG: background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 53) exited with exit code 1
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:22.920 UTC [48] LOG: shutting down
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:22.974 UTC [46] LOG: database system is shut down
db_1 | done
db_1 | server stopped
db_1 |
db_1 | PostgreSQL init process complete; ready for start up.
db_1 |
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:23.021 UTC [1] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12.2 (Debian 12.2-2.pgdg100+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 8.3.0-6) 8.3.0, 64-bit
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:23.022 UTC [1] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:23.023 UTC [1] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:23.036 UTC [1] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:23.063 UTC [55] LOG: database system was shut down at 2020-04-17 22:47:22 UTC
db_1 | 2020-04-17 22:47:23.073 UTC [1] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
web_1 | Collecting django-filter
web_1 | Downloading django_filter-2.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (69 kB)
web_1 | Collecting markdown
web_1 | Downloading Markdown-3.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (88 kB)
web_1 | Requirement already satisfied: Django in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 4)) (3.0.5)
web_1 | Requirement already satisfied: psycopg2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 5)) (2.8.5)
web_1 | Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=36 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from markdown->-r requirements.txt (line 3)) (46.1.3)
web_1 | Requirement already satisfied: pytz in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Django->-r requirements.txt (line 4)) (2019.3)
web_1 | Requirement already satisfied: sqlparse>=0.2.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Django->-r requirements.txt (line 4)) (0.3.1)
web_1 | Requirement already satisfied: asgiref~=3.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Django->-r requirements.txt (line 4)) (3.2.7)
web_1 | Installing collected packages: djangorestframework, django-filter, markdown
web_1 | Successfully installed django-filter-2.2.0 djangorestframework-3.11.0 markdown-3.2.1
web_1 | Watching for file changes with StatReloader
web_1 | Performing system checks...
web_1 |
web_1 | System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
web_1 |
web_1 | You have 17 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
web_1 | Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
web_1 | April 17, 2020 - 22:47:25
web_1 | Django version 3.0.5, using settings 'apiTesting.settings'
web_1 | Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/
web_1 | Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
这表明Dockerfile已成功安装了诸如Django之类的某些软件包，但诸如djangorestframework，django-filter和markdown之类的软件包却没有成功安装。 为什么会这样，我该如何在Dockerfile中进行正确安装？
答案 0 :(得分：0)
您正在做可能会发生冲突的两件事：
/code。/code中。我不确定这是问题所在，但我建议从compose.yml中删除volumes位，看看是否有帮助。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
主要问题和itamar-turner-trauring答案的注释中提到的问题都通过运行docker-compose up而不是运行来解决
docker-compose up --build
不能100％地确定为什么要修复它，但是我猜compose文件正在从旧映像中拖出容器，旧映像中不包含新的python软件包。因此，强制其重新构建使其包含新的python软件包。