我是redbee工具包库的新手，尤其是在测试方面。我浏览了文档，阅读了许多与此主题有关的帖子和文章，但仍然很挣扎。我构建了一个简单的待办事项应用程序，并包含了一些API请求来涵盖异步情况。但是，测试这些工具确实有些挑战。我希望对我的代码以及可以改进的地方获得一些建议和反馈。对于测试createAsyncThunk切片是否有意义，我也想要一些意见。注意：我对测试API调用本身不感兴趣，并使用模拟数据重新创建成功的请求。
建设性批评非常有帮助，将受到高度赞赏
请查看我的一个切片文件并进行测试
postsSlice.ts
import { createSlice, createAsyncThunk } from "@reduxjs/toolkit";
import { RootState } from "../../store";
import axios from "axios";
export type Post = {
userId: number;
id: number;
title: string;
body: string;
};
export type PostsState = {
posts: Post[];
loading: boolean;
error: null | string;
};
export const initalPostState: PostsState = {
posts: [],
loading: false,
error: null,
};
export const fetchAllPosts = createAsyncThunk(
"posts/allPosts",
async (data, { rejectWithValue }) => {
try {
const response = await axios.get(
`https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts`
);
return (await response.data) as Post[];
} catch (err) {
if (!err.response) {
throw err;
}
return rejectWithValue(err.response.data);
}
}
);
export const fetchSuccessful = fetchAllPosts.fulfilled;
export const fetchPending = fetchAllPosts.pending;
export const fetchFailed = fetchAllPosts.rejected;
const postsSlice = createSlice({
name: "Posts",
initialState: initalPostState,
reducers: {},
extraReducers: (builder) => {
builder.addCase(fetchSuccessful, (state, { payload }) => {
state.posts = payload;
state.loading = false;
});
builder.addCase(fetchPending, (state, action) => {
state.loading = true;
});
builder.addCase(fetchFailed, (state, action) => {
state.error = action.error.message
? action.error.message
: "Failed to load data";
state.loading = false;
});
},
});
export const selectPosts = (state: RootState) => state.fetchedPosts;
export const fetchedPostsReducer = postsSlice.reducer;
测试
postsSlice.test.ts
import {
initalPostState,
fetchPending,
fetchFailed,
selectPosts,
fetchSuccessful,
fetchedPostsReducer,
} from "./postsSlice";
import { Post, PostsState } from "./postsSlice";
import store, { RootState } from "../../store";
const appState = store.getState();
describe("postsSlice", () => {
describe("Posts State, Posts Action and Selector", () => {
it("should set loading state on true when API call is pending", async (done) => {
// Arrange
// Act
const nextState: PostsState = await fetchedPostsReducer(
initalPostState,
fetchPending
);
// Assert
const rootState: RootState = { ...appState, fetchedPosts: nextState };
expect(selectPosts(rootState).loading).toBeTruthy();
expect(selectPosts(rootState).error).toBeNull();
done();
});
it("should set error state when API call is rejected", async (done) => {
// Arrange
const response = {
message: "Network request failed",
name: "error",
};
// Act
const nextState: PostsState = await fetchedPostsReducer(
initalPostState,
fetchFailed(response, "")
);
// Assert
const rootState: RootState = { ...appState, fetchedPosts: nextState };
expect(selectPosts(rootState).loading).toBeFalsy();
expect(selectPosts(rootState).error).not.toBeNull();
expect(selectPosts(rootState).error).toEqual("Network request failed");
done();
});
it("should update state when API call is successful", async (done) => {
// Arrange
const response: Post[] = [
{
userId: 1,
id: 1,
title:
"sunt aut facere repellat provident occaecati excepturi optio reprehenderit",
body:
"quia et suscipit\nsuscipit recusandae consequuntur expedita et cum\nreprehenderit molestiae ut ut quas totam\nnostrum rerum est autem sunt rem eveniet architecto",
},
{
userId: 1,
id: 2,
title: "qui est esse",
body:
"est rerum tempore vitae\nsequi sint nihil reprehenderit dolor beatae ea dolores neque\nfugiat blanditiis voluptate porro vel nihil molestiae ut reiciendis\nqui aperiam non debitis possimus qui neque nisi nulla",
},
];
// Act
const nextState: PostsState = await fetchedPostsReducer(
initalPostState,
fetchSuccessful(response, "")
);
// Assert
const rootState: RootState = { ...appState, fetchedPosts: nextState };
expect(selectPosts(rootState).loading).toBeFalsy();
expect(selectPosts(rootState).error).toBeNull();
expect(selectPosts(rootState).posts).toEqual(
expect.arrayContaining(response)
);
done();
});
});
});
答案 0 :(得分：3)
我已经在 GitHub 上回答了 redux 工具包，但我也会在这里发帖，因为这是我在尝试自己的解决方案之前访问的众多链接之一。
由于 createAsyncThunk 返回一个函数供以后执行，因此您可以利用它。您无需费力地测试整个商店与 thunk 的交互，而可以在远离商店的地方单独测试 thunk 本身。
运行您的 jest.mock 调用以模拟您可能用于访问服务器或本地状态的任何 API/钩子，更改这些解析/返回的内容，然后执行您保存的方法。这样做可以让您访问 createAsyncThunk 调用中的 promise/方法，其中包含通常调用的参数。
不是测试 store，而是要测试 thunk 是否正在调度 store 依赖的操作来设置诸如加载、要保存的错误消息等内容。这种方式您可以改为为您的减速器创建测试，您可以在每次测试时重新创建一个全新的商店，并确保通过这些减速器进行的所有转换都是正确的。
// features/account/thunks.ts
import api from './api'; // http calls to the API
import { actions } from './reducer'; // "actions" from a createSlice result
import { useRefreshToken } from './hooks'; // a `useSelector(a => a.account).auth?.refreshToken` result
// declare and code as normal
export const register = createAsyncThunk(
'accounts/register',
async (arg: IRegisterProps, { dispatch }) => {
try {
const data = await api.register(arg);
dispatch(actions.authSuccess(data));
} catch (err) {
console.error('Unable to register', err);
}
}
);
// Using a hook to access state
export const refreshSession = createAsyncThunk(
'accounts/refreshSession',
async (_, { dispatch }) => {
// or add `, getState` beside dispatch and do token = getState().accounts.auth.refreshToken;
// If you use getState, your test will be more verbose though
const token: string = useRefreshToken();
try {
const data = await api.refreshToken(token);
dispatch(actions.tokenRefreshed(data));
} catch (err) {
console.error('Unable to refresh token', err);
}
}
);
// features/account/thunks.test.ts
import apiModule from './api';
import hookModule from './hooks';
import thunks from './thunks';
import { actions } from './reducer';
import { IRegisterProps } from './types';
import { AsyncThunkAction, Dispatch } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import { IAuthSuccess } from 'types/auth';
jest.mock('./api');
jest.mock('./hooks')
describe('Account Thunks', () => {
let api: jest.Mocked<typeof apiModule>;
let hooks: jest.Mocked<typeof hookModule>
beforeAll(() => {
api = apiModule as any;
hooks = hookModule as any;
});
// Clean up after yourself.
// Do you want bugs? Because that's how you get bugs.
afterAll(() => {
jest.unmock('./api');
jest.unmock('./hooks');
});
describe('register', () => {
// We're going to be using the same argument, so we're defining it here
// The 3 types are <What's Returned, Argument, Thunk Config>
let action: AsyncThunkAction<void, IRegisterProps, {}>;
let dispatch: Dispatch; // Create the "spy" properties
let getState: () => unknown;
let arg: IRegisterProps;
let result: IAuthSuccess;
beforeEach(() => {
// initialize new spies
dispatch = jest.fn();
getState = jest.fn();
api.register.mockClear();
api.register.mockResolvedValue(result);
arg = { email: 'me@myemail.com', password: 'yeetmageet123' };
result = { accessToken: 'access token', refreshToken: 'refresh token' };
action = thunks.registerNewAccount(arg);
});
// Test that our thunk is calling the API using the arguments we expect
it('calls the api correctly', async () => {
await action(dispatch, getState, undefined);
expect(api.register).toHaveBeenCalledWith(arg);
});
// Confirm that a success dispatches an action that we anticipate
it('triggers auth success', async () => {
const call = actions.authSuccess(result);
await action(dispatch, getState, undefined);
expect(dispatch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(call);
});
});
describe('refreshSession', () => {
// We're going to be using the same argument, so we're defining it here
// The 3 types are <What's Returned, Argument, Thunk Config>
let action: AsyncThunkAction<void, unknown, {}>;
let dispatch: Dispatch; // Create the "spy" properties
let getState: () => unknown;
let result: IAuthSuccess;
let existingToken: string;
beforeEach(() => {
// initialize new spies
dispatch = jest.fn();
getState = jest.fn();
existingToken = 'access-token-1';
hooks.useRefreshToken.mockReturnValue(existingToken);
api.refreshToken.mockClear();
api.refreshToken.mockResolvedValue(result);
result = { accessToken: 'access token', refreshToken: 'refresh token 2' };
action = thunks.refreshSession();
});
it('does not call the api if the access token is falsy', async () => {
hooks.useRefreshToken.mockReturnValue(undefined);
await action(dispatch, getState, undefined);
expect(api.refreshToken).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
});
it('uses a hook to access the token', async () => {
await action(dispatch, getState, undefined);
expect(hooks.useRefreshToken).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
// Test that our thunk is calling the API using the arguments we expect
it('calls the api correctly', async () => {
await action(dispatch, getState, undefined);
expect(api.refreshToken).toHaveBeenCalledWith(existingToken);
});
// Confirm a successful action that we anticipate has been dispatched too
it('triggers auth success', async () => {
const call = actions.tokenRefreshed(result);
await action(dispatch, getState, undefined);
expect(dispatch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(call);
});
});
});