如何在C中将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串?

时间:2011-06-15 11:30:25

标签: c string hex

我有:

uint8 buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};

我想将字节数组转换为字符串,以便我可以使用printf打印字符串:

printf("%s\n", str);

并获取(冒号不是必需的):

"00:01:0A:0B"

非常感谢任何帮助。

18 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:75)

printf("%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2], buf[3]);

更通用的方式:

int i;
for (i = 0; i < x; i++)
{
    if (i > 0) printf(":");
    printf("%02X", buf[i]);
}
printf("\n");

连接到字符串,有几种方法可以做到这一点...我可能会保留一个指向字符串末尾的指针并使用sprintf。你还应该跟踪数组的大小,以确保它不会超过分配的空间:

int i;
char* buf2 = stringbuf;
char* endofbuf = stringbuf + sizeof(stringbuf);
for (i = 0; i < x; i++)
{
    /* i use 5 here since we are going to add at most 
       3 chars, need a space for the end '\n' and need
       a null terminator */
    if (buf2 + 5 < endofbuf)
    {
        if (i > 0)
        {
            buf2 += sprintf(buf2, ":");
        }
        buf2 += sprintf(buf2, "%02X", buf[i]);
    }
}
buf2 += sprintf(buf2, "\n");

答案 1 :(得分:25)

对于completude,你也可以轻松地完成它而不需要调用任何繁重的库函数(没有snprintf,没有strcat,甚至没有memcpy)。它可能很有用,比如你是在编写一些没有libc的微控制器或OS内核。

如果你谷歌的话,你可以找到类似的代码。真的,它比调用snprintf要复杂得多,而且速度要快得多。

#include <stdio.h>

int main(){
    unsigned char buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};
    /* target buffer should be large enough */
    char str[12];

    unsigned char * pin = buf;
    const char * hex = "0123456789ABCDEF";
    char * pout = str;
    int i = 0;
    for(; i < sizeof(buf)-1; ++i){
        *pout++ = hex[(*pin>>4)&0xF];
        *pout++ = hex[(*pin++)&0xF];
        *pout++ = ':';
    }
    *pout++ = hex[(*pin>>4)&0xF];
    *pout++ = hex[(*pin)&0xF];
    *pout = 0;

    printf("%s\n", str);
}

这是另一个略短的版本。它只是避免使用中间索引变量i并复制最后一个案例代码(但终止字符写入两次)。

#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
    unsigned char buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};
    /* target buffer should be large enough */
    char str[12];

    unsigned char * pin = buf;
    const char * hex = "0123456789ABCDEF";
    char * pout = str;
    for(; pin < buf+sizeof(buf); pout+=3, pin++){
        pout[0] = hex[(*pin>>4) & 0xF];
        pout[1] = hex[ *pin     & 0xF];
        pout[2] = ':';
    }
    pout[-1] = 0;

    printf("%s\n", str);
}

下面是另一个回答评论的版本,说我使用“技巧”来了解输入缓冲区的大小。实际上,这不是技巧,而是必要的输入知识(您需要知道要转换的数据的大小)。通过将转换代码提取到单独的函数,我更清楚了。我还为目标缓冲区添加了边界检查代码,如果我们知道自己在做什么,这是不必要的。

#include <stdio.h>

void tohex(unsigned char * in, size_t insz, char * out, size_t outsz)
{
    unsigned char * pin = in;
    const char * hex = "0123456789ABCDEF";
    char * pout = out;
    for(; pin < in+insz; pout +=3, pin++){
        pout[0] = hex[(*pin>>4) & 0xF];
        pout[1] = hex[ *pin     & 0xF];
        pout[2] = ':';
        if (pout + 3 - out > outsz){
            /* Better to truncate output string than overflow buffer */
            /* it would be still better to either return a status */
            /* or ensure the target buffer is large enough and it never happen */
            break;
        }
    }
    pout[-1] = 0;
}

int main(){
    enum {insz = 4, outsz = 3*insz};
    unsigned char buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};
    char str[outsz];
    tohex(buf, insz, str, outsz);
    printf("%s\n", str);
}

答案 2 :(得分:15)

这是一种更快的方法:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

unsigned char *     bin_to_strhex(const unsigned char *bin, unsigned int binsz,
                                  unsigned char **result)
{
  unsigned char     hex_str[]= "0123456789abcdef";
  unsigned int      i;

  if (!(*result = (unsigned char *)malloc(binsz * 2 + 1)))
    return (NULL);

  (*result)[binsz * 2] = 0;

  if (!binsz)
    return (NULL);

  for (i = 0; i < binsz; i++)
    {
      (*result)[i * 2 + 0] = hex_str[(bin[i] >> 4) & 0x0F];
      (*result)[i * 2 + 1] = hex_str[(bin[i]     ) & 0x0F];
    }
  return (*result);
}

int                 main()
{
  //the calling
  unsigned char     buf[] = {0,1,10,11};
  unsigned char *   result;

  printf("result : %s\n", bin_to_strhex((unsigned char *)buf, sizeof(buf), &result));
  free(result);

  return 0
}

答案 3 :(得分:7)

上面已经存在类似的答案,我添加了一个来解释下面的代码行是如何工作的:

ptr += sprintf (ptr, "%02X", buf[i])

这很安静,不易理解,我在下面的评论中加入了解释:

uint8 buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};

/* Allocate twice the number of the bytes in the buf array because each byte would be 
 * converted to two hex characters, also add an extra space for the terminating null byte
 * [size] is the size of the buf array */
char output[(size * 2) + 1];

/* pointer to the first item (0 index) of the output array */
char *ptr = &output[0];

int i;

for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
    /* sprintf converts each byte to 2 chars hex string and a null byte, for example
     * 10 => "0A\0".
     *
     * These three chars would be added to the output array starting from
     * the ptr location, for example if ptr is pointing at 0 index then the hex chars
     * "0A\0" would be written as output[0] = '0', output[1] = 'A' and output[2] = '\0'.
     *
     * sprintf returns the number of chars written execluding the null byte, in our case
     * this would be 2. Then we move the ptr location two steps ahead so that the next
     * hex char would be written just after this one and overriding this one's null byte.
     *
     * We don't need to add a terminating null byte because it's already added from 
     * the last hex string. */  
    ptr += sprintf (ptr, "%02X", buf[i]);
}

printf ("%s\n", output);

答案 4 :(得分:5)

我只想添加以下内容,即使它稍微偏离主题(不是标准C),但我发现自己经常寻找它,并在第一次搜索命中之间绊倒这个问题。 Linux内核打印函数printk也有格式说明符,用于通过单一格式说明符“直接”输出数组/内存内容:

https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/printk-formats.txt

Raw buffer as a hex string:
    %*ph    00 01 02  ...  3f
    %*phC   00:01:02: ... :3f
    %*phD   00-01-02- ... -3f
    %*phN   000102 ... 3f

    For printing a small buffers (up to 64 bytes long) as a hex string with
    certain separator. For the larger buffers consider to use
    print_hex_dump(). 

...但是,标准的用户空间(s)printf似乎不存在这些格式说明符。

答案 5 :(得分:1)

解决方案

函数btox将任意数据*bb转换为*xp十六进制数字的无终止字符串n

void btox(char *xp, const char *bb, int n) 
{
    const char xx[]= "0123456789ABCDEF";
    while (--n >= 0) xp[n] = xx[(bb[n>>1] >> ((1 - (n&1)) << 2)) & 0xF];
}

示例

#include <stdio.h>

typedef unsigned char uint8;

void main(void) 
{
    uint8 buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};
    int n = sizeof buf << 1;
    char hexstr[n + 1];

    btox(hexstr, buf, n);
    hexstr[n] = 0; /* Terminate! */
    printf("%s\n", hexstr);
}

结果:00010A0B

实时:Tio.run

答案 6 :(得分:1)

这是执行转换的一种方式:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define l_word 15
#define u_word 240

char *hex_str[]={"0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","A","B","C","D","E","F"};

main(int argc,char *argv[]) {


     char *str = malloc(50);
     char *tmp;
     char *tmp2;

     int i=0;


     while( i < (argc-1)) {
          tmp = hex_str[*(argv[i]) & l_word];
          tmp2 = hex_str[*(argv[i]) & u_word];

          if(i == 0) { memcpy(str,tmp2,1); strcat(str,tmp);}
          else { strcat(str,tmp2); strcat(str,tmp);}
          i++;
    }

    printf("\n*********  %s  *************** \n", str);

}

答案 7 :(得分:1)

此函数适用于用户/调用者希望将十六进制字符串放入特征数组/缓冲区的情况。使用字符缓冲区中的十六进制字符串,用户/调用者可以使用其自己的宏/函数来显示或将其记录到它想要的任何位置(例如,文件)。此函数还允许调用者控制要放入每行的(十六进制)字节数。

/**
 * @fn 
 * get_hex
 *
 * @brief 
 * Converts a char into bunary string 
 *
 * @param[in]   
 *     buf Value to be converted to hex string
 * @param[in]   
 *     buf_len Length of the buffer
 * @param[in]   
 *     hex_ Pointer to space to put Hex string into
 * @param[in]   
 *     hex_len Length of the hex string space
 * @param[in]   
 *     num_col Number of columns in display hex string
 * @param[out]   
 *     hex_ Contains the hex string
 * @return  void
 */
static inline void
get_hex(char *buf, int buf_len, char* hex_, int hex_len, int num_col)
{
    int i;
#define ONE_BYTE_HEX_STRING_SIZE   3
  unsigned int byte_no = 0;

  if (buf_len <= 0) {
      if (hex_len > 0) {
        hex_[0] = '\0';
      }
      return;
  }

  if(hex_len < ONE_BYTE_HEX_STRING_SIZE + 1)
  {
      return;
  }

  do {
         for (i = 0; ((i < num_col) && (buf_len > 0) && (hex_len > 0)); ++i )
         {
            snprintf(hex_, hex_len, "%02X ", buf[byte_no++] & 0xff);
            hex_ += ONE_BYTE_HEX_STRING_SIZE;
            hex_len -=ONE_BYTE_HEX_STRING_SIZE;
            buf_len--;
         }
         if (buf_len > 1)
         {
             snprintf(hex_, hex_len, "\n");
             hex_ += 1;
         }
  } while ((buf_len) > 0 && (hex_len > 0));

}

实施例: 代码

#define DATA_HEX_STR_LEN 5000
    char      data_hex_str[DATA_HEX_STR_LEN];

    get_hex(pkt, pkt_len, data_hex_str, DATA_HEX_STR_LEN, 16);
    //      ^^^^^^^^^^^^                                  ^^
    //      Input byte array                              Number of (hex) byte
    //      to be converted to hex string                 columns in hex string

    printf("pkt:\n%s",data_hex_str) 

输出

pkt:
BB 31 32 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF FF FF DE E5 
A8 E2 8E C1 08 06 00 01 08 00 06 04 00 01 DE E5 
A8 E2 8E C1 67 1E 5A 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 67 1E 
5A 01 

答案 8 :(得分:0)

在C中没有这个原语。我可能malloc(或者可能是alloca)足够长的缓冲区并在输入上循环。我也看到它完成了一个带有语义的动态字符串库(但不是语法!)类似于C ++的ostringstream,这是一个看似更通用的解决方案,但它可能不值得单一案例的额外复杂性

答案 9 :(得分:0)

您可以使用snprintf和malloc解决。

char c_buff[50];

u8_number_val[] = { 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd, 0x0f, 0xef, 0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c };

char *s_temp = malloc(u8_size * 2 + 1);

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < u8_size; i++)
{
    snprintf(s_temp  + i * 2, 3, "%02x", u8_number_val[i]);
}

snprintf(c_buff, strlen(s_temp)+1, "%s", s_temp );

printf("%s\n",c_buff);

free(s);

OUT: bbccdd0fef0f0e0d0c

答案 10 :(得分:0)

我知道这个问题已经有了答案,但是我认为我的解决方案可以帮助某人。

因此,在我的情况下,我有一个表示键的字节数组,我需要将此字节数组转换为十六进制值的char数组,以便将其打印在一行中。我将代码提取到这样的函数中:

char const * keyToStr(uint8_t const *key)
{
    uint8_t offset = 0;
    static char keyStr[2 * KEY_SIZE + 1];

    for (size_t i = 0; i < KEY_SIZE; i++)
    {
        offset += sprintf(keyStr + offset, "%02X", key[i]);
    }
    sprintf(keyStr + offset, "%c", '\0');

    return keyStr;
}

现在,我可以这样使用我的函数了:

Serial.print("Public key: ");
Serial.println(keyToStr(m_publicKey));

Serial对象是Arduino库的一部分,m_publicKey是此类的成员,带有以下声明uint8_t m_publicKey[32]

答案 11 :(得分:0)

基于Yannuth的answer但简化。

此处,dest[]的长度隐含为len的两倍,其分配由来电者管理。

void create_hex_string_implied(const unsigned char *src, size_t len, unsigned char *dest)
{
    static const unsigned char table[] = "0123456789abcdef";

    for (; len > 0; --len)
    {
        unsigned char c = *src++;
        *dest++ = table[c >> 4];
        *dest++ = table[c & 0x0f];
    }
}

答案 12 :(得分:0)

稍微修改了Yannith版本。 我只想将它作为返回值

&#13;
&#13;
typedef struct {
   size_t len;
   uint8_t *bytes;
} vdata;

char* vdata_get_hex(const vdata data)
{
   char hex_str[]= "0123456789abcdef";

   char* out;
   out = (char *)malloc(data.len * 2 + 1);
   (out)[data.len * 2] = 0;
   
   if (!data.len) return NULL;
   
   for (size_t i = 0; i < data.len; i++) {
      (out)[i * 2 + 0] = hex_str[(data.bytes[i] >> 4) & 0x0F];
      (out)[i * 2 + 1] = hex_str[(data.bytes[i]     ) & 0x0F];
   }
   return out;
}
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;

答案 13 :(得分:0)

为简单起见,我创建了一个对输入字符串进行编码的函数(二进制数据):

/* Encodes string to hexadecimal string reprsentation
    Allocates a new memory for supplied lpszOut that needs to be deleted after use
    Fills the supplied lpszOut with hexadecimal representation of the input
    */
void StringToHex(unsigned char *szInput, size_t size_szInput, char **lpszOut)
{
    unsigned char *pin = szInput;
    const char *hex = "0123456789ABCDEF";
    size_t outSize = size_szInput * 2 + 2;
    *lpszOut = new char[outSize];
    char *pout = *lpszOut;
    for (; pin < szInput + size_szInput; pout += 2, pin++)
    {
        pout[0] = hex[(*pin >> 4) & 0xF];
        pout[1] = hex[*pin & 0xF];
    }
    pout[0] = 0;
}

用法:

unsigned char input[] = "This is a very long string that I want to encode";
char *szHexEncoded = NULL;
StringToHex(input, strlen((const char *)input), &szHexEncoded);

printf(szHexEncoded);

// The allocated memory needs to be deleted after usage
delete[] szHexEncoded;

答案 14 :(得分:0)

我会在这里为感兴趣的人添加 C ++ 版本。

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
inline void print_bytes(char const * buffer, std::size_t count, std::size_t bytes_per_line, std::ostream & out) {
    std::ios::fmtflags flags(out.flags()); // Save flags before manipulation.
    out << std::hex << std::setfill('0');
    out.setf(std::ios::uppercase);
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i != count; ++i) {
        auto current_byte_number = static_cast<unsigned int>(static_cast<unsigned char>(buffer[i]));
        out << std::setw(2) << current_byte_number;
        bool is_end_of_line = (bytes_per_line != 0) && ((i + 1 == count) || ((i + 1) % bytes_per_line == 0));
        out << (is_end_of_line ? '\n' : ' ');
    }
    out.flush();
    out.flags(flags); // Restore original flags.
}

它会将buffer长度count的hexdump打印到std::ostream out(您可以将其默认为std::cout)。每行包含bytes_per_line个字节,每个字节使用大写的两位十六进制表示。字节之间会有一个空格。在缓冲区的行尾或结尾处,它将打印换行符。如果bytes_per_line设置为0,则不会打印new_line。试试吧。

答案 15 :(得分:0)

ZincX的解决方案适用于包括冒号分隔符:

char buf[] = {0,1,10,11};
int i, size = sizeof(buf) / sizeof(char);
char *buf_str = (char*) malloc(3 * size), *buf_ptr = buf_str;
if (buf_str) {
  for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
    buf_ptr += sprintf(buf_ptr, i < size - 1 ? "%02X:" : "%02X\0", buf[i]);
  printf("%s\n", buf_str);
  free(buf_str);
}

答案 16 :(得分:0)

如果要将十六进制值存储在char *字符串中,可以使用snprintf。您需要为所有打印字符分配空间,包括前导零和冒号。

扩展Mark的回答:

char str_buf* = malloc(3*X + 1);   // X is the number of bytes to be converted

int i;
for (i = 0; i < x; i++)
{
    if (i > 0) snprintf(str_buf, 1, ":");
    snprintf(str_buf, 2, "%02X", num_buf[i]);  // need 2 characters for a single hex value
}
snprintf(str_buf, 2, "\n\0"); // dont forget the NULL byte

所以现在str_buf将包含十六进制字符串。

答案 17 :(得分:-2)

有哪些复杂的解决方案!
Malloc和sprint和演员哦我的。 (OZ报价)
而不是任何地方的单一的rem。天哪

这样的事情怎么样?

main()
{
    // the value
    int value = 16;

    // create a string array with a '\0' ending ie. 0,0,0
    char hex[]= {0,0,'\0'}; 
    char *hex_p=hex;

    //a working variable
    int TEMP_int=0;

    // get me how many 16s are in this code
    TEMP_int=value/16;

    // load the first character up with 
    // 48+0 gives you ascii 0, 55+10 gives you ascii A
    if (TEMP_int<10) {*hex_p=48+TEMP_int;}
        else {*hex_p=55+TEMP_int;}

    // move that pointer to the next (less significant byte)<BR>
    hex_p++;

    // get me the remainder after I have divied by 16
    TEMP_int=value%16;

    // 48+0 gives you ascii 0, 55+10 gives you ascii A
    if (TEMP_int<10) {*hex_p=48+TEMP_int;}
        else {*hex_p=55+TEMP_int;}

    // print the result
    printf("%i , 0x%s",value,hex);

}
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