我想知道是否有一些已经内置的功能用于rails，因此它会创建一个包含所有美国州的选择下拉列表，所以我不必手动输入它。我在网上搜索但我找不到任何东西。有关如何做的任何建议我不必手动输入所有状态？
答案 0 :(得分：140)
一些帮助文件
def us_states
[
['Alabama', 'AL'],
['Alaska', 'AK'],
['Arizona', 'AZ'],
['Arkansas', 'AR'],
['California', 'CA'],
['Colorado', 'CO'],
['Connecticut', 'CT'],
['Delaware', 'DE'],
['District of Columbia', 'DC'],
['Florida', 'FL'],
['Georgia', 'GA'],
['Hawaii', 'HI'],
['Idaho', 'ID'],
['Illinois', 'IL'],
['Indiana', 'IN'],
['Iowa', 'IA'],
['Kansas', 'KS'],
['Kentucky', 'KY'],
['Louisiana', 'LA'],
['Maine', 'ME'],
['Maryland', 'MD'],
['Massachusetts', 'MA'],
['Michigan', 'MI'],
['Minnesota', 'MN'],
['Mississippi', 'MS'],
['Missouri', 'MO'],
['Montana', 'MT'],
['Nebraska', 'NE'],
['Nevada', 'NV'],
['New Hampshire', 'NH'],
['New Jersey', 'NJ'],
['New Mexico', 'NM'],
['New York', 'NY'],
['North Carolina', 'NC'],
['North Dakota', 'ND'],
['Ohio', 'OH'],
['Oklahoma', 'OK'],
['Oregon', 'OR'],
['Pennsylvania', 'PA'],
['Puerto Rico', 'PR'],
['Rhode Island', 'RI'],
['South Carolina', 'SC'],
['South Dakota', 'SD'],
['Tennessee', 'TN'],
['Texas', 'TX'],
['Utah', 'UT'],
['Vermont', 'VT'],
['Virginia', 'VA'],
['Washington', 'WA'],
['West Virginia', 'WV'],
['Wisconsin', 'WI'],
['Wyoming', 'WY']
]
end
以某种形式
<%= select_tag :state, options_for_select(us_states) %>
答案 1 :(得分：30)
谢谢Codeglot。如果有人想要显示2个字母的州名缩写而不是全名：
def us_states
[
['AK', 'AK'],
['AL', 'AL'],
['AR', 'AR'],
['AZ', 'AZ'],
['CA', 'CA'],
['CO', 'CO'],
['CT', 'CT'],
['DC', 'DC'],
['DE', 'DE'],
['FL', 'FL'],
['GA', 'GA'],
['HI', 'HI'],
['IA', 'IA'],
['ID', 'ID'],
['IL', 'IL'],
['IN', 'IN'],
['KS', 'KS'],
['KY', 'KY'],
['LA', 'LA'],
['MA', 'MA'],
['MD', 'MD'],
['ME', 'ME'],
['MI', 'MI'],
['MN', 'MN'],
['MO', 'MO'],
['MS', 'MS'],
['MT', 'MT'],
['NC', 'NC'],
['ND', 'ND'],
['NE', 'NE'],
['NH', 'NH'],
['NJ', 'NJ'],
['NM', 'NM'],
['NV', 'NV'],
['NY', 'NY'],
['OH', 'OH'],
['OK', 'OK'],
['OR', 'OR'],
['PA', 'PA'],
['RI', 'RI'],
['SC', 'SC'],
['SD', 'SD'],
['TN', 'TN'],
['TX', 'TX'],
['UT', 'UT'],
['VA', 'VA'],
['VT', 'VT'],
['WA', 'WA'],
['WI', 'WI'],
['WV', 'WV'],
['WY', 'WY']
]
end
答案 2 :(得分：18)
为此，我通常使用Carmen和Carmen-Rails宝石。
https://github.com/jim/carmen-rails
由于我的项目仍然在Ruby 1.8上，我必须使用特定的ruby-18分支，所以我的Gemfile中有以下内容：
gem 'carmen', :git => 'git://github.com/jim/carmen.git', :tag => 'ruby-18'
gem 'carmen-rails', :git => 'git://github.com/jim/carmen-rails.git'
然后，在您正在编辑地址模型对象的：state_code字段的表单中为所有美国州创建选择标记...
subregion_select(:address, :state_code, Carmen::Country.coded('US'))
答案 3 :(得分：18)
这是一个更详细的演练。我使用的是Rails 4：
在helpers文件夹下，我创建了states_helper.rb
inside states_helper.rb：
module StatesHelper
def us_states
[
['Alabama', 'AL'],
['Alaska', 'AK'],
['Arizona', 'AZ'],
['Arkansas', 'AR'],
['California', 'CA'],
['Colorado', 'CO'],
['Connecticut', 'CT'],
['Delaware', 'DE'],
['District of Columbia', 'DC'],
['Florida', 'FL'],
['Georgia', 'GA'],
['Hawaii', 'HI'],
['Idaho', 'ID'],
['Illinois', 'IL'],
['Indiana', 'IN'],
['Iowa', 'IA'],
['Kansas', 'KS'],
['Kentucky', 'KY'],
['Louisiana', 'LA'],
['Maine', 'ME'],
['Maryland', 'MD'],
['Massachusetts', 'MA'],
['Michigan', 'MI'],
['Minnesota', 'MN'],
['Mississippi', 'MS'],
['Missouri', 'MO'],
['Montana', 'MT'],
['Nebraska', 'NE'],
['Nevada', 'NV'],
['New Hampshire', 'NH'],
['New Jersey', 'NJ'],
['New Mexico', 'NM'],
['New York', 'NY'],
['North Carolina', 'NC'],
['North Dakota', 'ND'],
['Ohio', 'OH'],
['Oklahoma', 'OK'],
['Oregon', 'OR'],
['Pennsylvania', 'PA'],
['Puerto Rico', 'PR'],
['Rhode Island', 'RI'],
['South Carolina', 'SC'],
['South Dakota', 'SD'],
['Tennessee', 'TN'],
['Texas', 'TX'],
['Utah', 'UT'],
['Vermont', 'VT'],
['Virginia', 'VA'],
['Washington', 'WA'],
['West Virginia', 'WV'],
['Wisconsin', 'WI'],
['Wyoming', 'WY']
]
end
end
在配置下 - ＆gt;环境我把以下内容放在development.rb和production.rb
中config.action_controller.include_all_helpers = true
最后，在我的视图中，我把（这是在Slim HTML中输入的）
= form_for :order_submissions, url: order_url, html: { id: "order_form"} do |f|
fieldset
.form-group
= f.select(:state, options_for_select(us_states, "CA"))
＆＃34; CA＆＃34;在加载时在下拉菜单中预先选择加利福尼亚。
注意：我没有使用select_tag。使用它给了select_tag一个未定义的方法错误（select_tag在Ruby指南中，怎么可以不定义？）只使用select使它工作。
答案 4 :(得分：6)
为了让这与simple_form一起使用，我做到了。
将此添加到我的user.rb模型中：
STATES =
[
['Alabama', 'AL'],
['Alaska', 'AK'],
['Arizona', 'AZ'],
['Arkansas', 'AR'],
['California', 'CA'],
['Colorado', 'CO'],
['Connecticut', 'CT'],
['Delaware', 'DE'],
['District of Columbia', 'DC'],
['Florida', 'FL'],
['Georgia', 'GA'],
['Hawaii', 'HI'],
['Idaho', 'ID'],
['Illinois', 'IL'],
['Indiana', 'IN'],
['Iowa', 'IA'],
['Kansas', 'KS'],
['Kentucky', 'KY'],
['Louisiana', 'LA'],
['Maine', 'ME'],
['Maryland', 'MD'],
['Massachusetts', 'MA'],
['Michigan', 'MI'],
['Minnesota', 'MN'],
['Mississippi', 'MS'],
['Missouri', 'MO'],
['Montana', 'MT'],
['Nebraska', 'NE'],
['Nevada', 'NV'],
['New Hampshire', 'NH'],
['New Jersey', 'NJ'],
['New Mexico', 'NM'],
['New York', 'NY'],
['North Carolina', 'NC'],
['North Dakota', 'ND'],
['Ohio', 'OH'],
['Oklahoma', 'OK'],
['Oregon', 'OR'],
['Pennsylvania', 'PA'],
['Puerto Rico', 'PR'],
['Rhode Island', 'RI'],
['South Carolina', 'SC'],
['South Dakota', 'SD'],
['Tennessee', 'TN'],
['Texas', 'TX'],
['Utah', 'UT'],
['Vermont', 'VT'],
['Virginia', 'VA'],
['Washington', 'WA'],
['West Virginia', 'WV'],
['Wisconsin', 'WI'],
['Wyoming', 'WY']
]
在我的视图中使用simple_form使用：
<%= simple_form_for(@user) do |f| %>
<%= f.input :state, as: :select, collection: User::STATES %>
<%= f.button :submit %>
<% end %>
答案 5 :(得分：5)
我发现使用帮助程序来包含状态时出现问题。它在创建新记录时非常有效，但如果我想编辑现有记录，我希望在下拉框中预选数据库中的状态。我无法使用助手来工作。但是如果你创建一个简单的状态表，它确实有效。这对我有用：
生成状态模型文件和数据库表，该表只包含state_code和state_name的列（或任何您想要调用它们的列）。
rails g model State state_code:string:uniq state_name:string --no-timestamps --no-test-framework。这将在db / migrate文件夹中生成迁移文件。如果您不想要id列，可以通过将, id: false插入create_table块声明来编辑它。
# db/migrate/timestamp_create_states.rb
class CreateStates < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :states, id: false do |t|
t.string :state_code, null: false
t.string :state_name
end
add_index :states, :state_code, unique: true
end
end
迁移数据库rake db:migrate。
您可以使用种子文件填充表格。确保删除或注释掉种子文件中以前加载的任何数据，这样就不会添加重复数据。
#db/seeds.rb
states = State.create!([
{ state_name: 'Alaska', state_code: 'AK' },
{ state_name: 'Alabama', state_code: 'AL' },
{ state_name: 'Arkansas', state_code: 'AR' },
{ state_name: 'Arizona', state_code: 'AZ' },
{ state_name: 'California', state_code: 'CA' },
{ state_name: 'Colorado', state_code: 'CO' },
{ state_name: 'Connecticut', state_code: 'CT' },
{ state_name: 'District of Columbia', state_code: 'DC' },
{ state_name: 'Delaware', state_code: 'DE' },
{ state_name: 'Florida', state_code: 'FL' },
{ state_name: 'Georgia', state_code: 'GA' },
{ state_name: 'Hawaii', state_code: 'HI' },
{ state_name: 'Iowa', state_code: 'IA' },
{ state_name: 'Idaho', state_code: 'ID' },
{ state_name: 'Illinois', state_code: 'IL' },
{ state_name: 'Indiana', state_code: 'IN' },
{ state_name: 'Kansas', state_code: 'KS' },
{ state_name: 'Kentucky', state_code: 'KY' },
{ state_name: 'Louisiana', state_code: 'LA' },
{ state_name: 'Massachusetts', state_code: 'MA' },
{ state_name: 'Maryland', state_code: 'MD' },
{ state_name: 'Maine', state_code: 'ME' },
{ state_name: 'Michigan', state_code: 'MI' },
{ state_name: 'Minnesota', state_code: 'MN' },
{ state_name: 'Missouri', state_code: 'MO' },
{ state_name: 'Mississippi', state_code: 'MS' },
{ state_name: 'Montana', state_code: 'MT' },
{ state_name: 'North Carolina', state_code: 'NC' },
{ state_name: 'North Dakota', state_code: 'ND' },
{ state_name: 'Nebraska', state_code: 'NE' },
{ state_name: 'New Hampshire', state_code: 'NH' },
{ state_name: 'New Jersey', state_code: 'NJ' },
{ state_name: 'New Mexico', state_code: 'NM' },
{ state_name: 'Nevada', state_code: 'NV' },
{ state_name: 'New York', state_code: 'NY' },
{ state_name: 'Ohio', state_code: 'OH' },
{ state_name: 'Oklahoma', state_code: 'OK' },
{ state_name: 'Oregon', state_code: 'OR' },
{ state_name: 'Pennsylvania', state_code: 'PA' },
{ state_name: 'Puerto Rico', state_code: 'PR' },
{ state_name: 'Rhode Island', state_code: 'RI' },
{ state_name: 'South Carolina', state_code: 'SC' },
{ state_name: 'South Dakota', state_code: 'SD' },
{ state_name: 'Tennessee', state_code: 'TN' },
{ state_name: 'Texas', state_code: 'TX' },
{ state_name: 'Utah', state_code: 'UT' },
{ state_name: 'Virginia', state_code: 'VA' },
{ state_name: 'Vermont', state_code: 'VT' },
{ state_name: 'Washington', state_code: 'WA' },
{ state_name: 'Wisconsin', state_code: 'WI' },
{ state_name: 'West Virginia', state_code: 'WV' },
{ state_name: 'Wyoming', state_code: 'WY' }
])
然后运行rake任务以播种db rake db:seed
在您的表单中，您可以将其添加为您的选择框（我使用state_code作为字段名称，但您可以将其设置为州或任何您想要的内容）：
<%= f.label :state_code, 'State', class: 'control-label' %>
<%= f.collection_select(:state_code, State.select(:state_name, :state_code),
:state_code, :state_name, {selected: 'CA'}, {class: 'form-control'}) %>
Rails表单块中的collection_select辅助方法格式为f.collection_select(method, collection, value_method, text_method, options = {}, html_options = {})。如果您希望state_code同时作为下拉框的文本和值，则在第一个select参数和text_method中将：state_name更改为：state_code（请注意文本和值顺序相反）。在我预先选择的选项＆＃39; CA＆＃39;中，但仅对新表单不进行编辑（或者每次都会覆盖CA的值）。您可以将其更改为空白{include_blank: true}或添加提示{prompt: 'Select State'}，或者将其默认为选定或第一个值为空哈希{}的值。如果您想要填写所需的字段，可以将其添加到html选项{class: 'form-control', required: true}
现在，您可以在表单中填写状态表，并在编辑记录时预先选择该值。
答案 6 :(得分：3)
如果这个不起作用：
<%= select_tag :state, us_states%>
试试这个：
<%=select_tag 'State', options_for_select(us_states),:name=>"state",:id=>"state"%>
答案 7 :(得分：2)
您有一个可以帮助您的宝石：the countries gem与country_select集成，因此您可以获得状态输入的完整解决方案。
此外，如果您想减少gem依赖关系列表，您可以这样做：
<%= f.select :country_code, ::ISO3166::Country.all_names_with_codes,{ include_blank: true } %>
答案 8 :(得分：1)
选中此https://rubygems.org/gems/country_state_select
Country State Select是一个库，它提供了一个简单的API来生成国家，州/省和城市下拉列表，以便在表单中使用。
如果正确实施，州/省下拉列表将根据用户选择的国家/地区填充适当的区域。
例如，如果用户选择“美国”作为国家/地区下拉列表，则州下拉列表将填充50个适当的州以及哥伦比亚特区，然后用户可以根据州选择列出城市，但目前城市是有限的。
答案 9 :(得分：0)
我不知道是否有内置的Rails来创建一个填充了美国州的HTML选择字段。
但是在这里你有一个截屏视频解释了这个： http://railscasts.com/episodes/88-dynamic-select-menus
我希望它会有用。
答案 10 :(得分：0)
我创建了一个示例项目，其中包含有关如何在Rails 4.2.2和Ruby 2.2.2中创建下拉列表的详细说明https://rubyplus.com/articles/2501
答案 11 :(得分：0)
如果要保存全名状态
# frozen_string_literal: true
module StateHelper
def us_states
[
['Alabama'],
['Alaska'],
['Arizona'],
['Arkansas'],
['California'],
['Colorado'],
['Connecticut'],
['Delaware'],
['District of Columbia'],
['Florida'],
['Georgia'],
['Hawaii'],
['Idaho'],
['Illinois'],
['Indiana'],
['Iowa'],
['Kansas'],
['Kentucky'],
['Louisiana'],
['Maine'],
['Maryland'],
['Massachusetts'],
['Michigan'],
['Minnesota'],
['Mississippi'],
['Missouri'],
['Montana'],
['Nebraska'],
['Nevada'],
['New Hampshire'],
['New Jersey'],
['New Mexico'],
['New York'],
['North Carolina'],
['North Dakota'],
['Ohio'],
['Oklahoma'],
['Oregon'],
['Pennsylvania'],
['Puerto Rico'],
['Rhode Island'],
['South Carolina'],
['South Dakota'],
['Tennessee'],
['Texas'],
['Utah'],
['Vermont'],
['Virginia'],
['Washington'],
['West Virginia'],
['Wisconsin'],
['Wyoming']
]
end
end
然后以表单
<%= f.select :state, options_for_select(us_states), class:"form-control", required: true %>
答案 12 :(得分：0)
使用哈希。我把我放在 config / initializers / us_states.rb 中，但是它可以在助手中或在您喜欢的其他任何地方工作：
US_STATES = {
'AL': 'Alabama',
'AK': 'Alaska',
'AZ': 'Arizona',
'AR': 'Arkansas',
'CA': 'California',
'CO': 'Colorado',
'CT': 'Connecticut',
'DE': 'Delaware',
'DC': 'District of Columbia',
'FL': 'Florida',
'GA': 'Georgia',
'HI': 'Hawaii',
'ID': 'Idaho',
'IL': 'Illinois',
'IN': 'Indiana',
'IA': 'Iowa',
'KS': 'Kansas',
'KY': 'Kentucky',
'LA': 'Louisiana',
'ME': 'Maine',
'MD': 'Maryland',
'MA': 'Massachusetts',
'MI': 'Michigan',
'MN': 'Minnesota',
'MS': 'Mississippi',
'MO': 'Missouri',
'MT': 'Montana',
'NE': 'Nebraska',
'NV': 'Nevada',
'NH': 'New Hampshire',
'NJ': 'New Jersey',
'NM': 'New Mexico',
'NY': 'New York',
'NC': 'North Carolina',
'ND': 'North Dakota',
'OH': 'Ohio',
'OK': 'Oklahoma',
'OR': 'Oregon',
'PA': 'Pennsylvania',
'PR': 'Puerto Rico',
'RI': 'Rhode Island',
'SC': 'South Carolina',
'SD': 'South Dakota',
'TN': 'Tennessee',
'TX': 'Texas',
'UT': 'Utah',
'VT': 'Vermont',
'VA': 'Virginia',
'WA': 'Washington',
'WV': 'West Virginia',
'WI': 'Wisconsin',
'WY': 'Wyoming'
}
然后，以我的形式：
<%= form.select :state, US_STATES.invert.sort %>
由于存储的是两个字母的代码，因此，如果要显示状态名称，我只需在哈希中引用两个字母的键即可：
<%= US_STATES[state] %>
如果您想变得更漂亮，请在语言环境文件中将其初始化（例如， config / locales / en.yml ）：
---
en:
us_states:
AL: Alabama
AK: Alaska
AZ: Arizona
# etc.
并通过以下方式在您的视图中访问它们：
<%= t "us_states.#{state}" %>
ℹ️当您在应用中支持多种语言时，这实际上与国家和语言代码一起使用效果更好。