我有一个简单的 Docker Compose 文件来初始化 Postgres 数据库实例：
version: '3.8'
services:
my-database:
container_name: my-database
image: library/postgres:13.1
volumes:
- ./db/init-my-database.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init-db-01.sql
environment:
- POSTGRES_DB=my-database
- POSTGRES_USER=admin
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password
ports:
- 10040:5432
restart: always
networks:
- app-network
我的脚本 init-my-database.sql 看起来像这样：
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS myschema;
CREATE DATABASE myschema;
-- Make sure we're using our `myschema` database
\c myschema;
CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS recipient_seq
START WITH 1
MINVALUE 1
MAXVALUE 9223372036854775807
CACHE 1;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS recipient
(
id BIGINT NOT NULL,
recipient_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
first_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
middle_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT recipient_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
当我跟踪 Docker 日志时，我确实看到正在调用初始化脚本。但是，最后数据库关闭并重新启动 --> "收到快速关闭请求"
为什么数据库最后重启了？由于脚本中创建的数据库和表不再可用。
完整的 Docker 日志 -->
my-database | The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
my-database | This user must also own the server process.
my-database |
my-database | The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.utf8".
my-database | The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
my-database | The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
my-database |
my-database | Data page checksums are disabled.
my-database |
my-database | fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/data ... ok
my-database | creating subdirectories ... ok
my-database | selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
my-database | selecting default max_connections ... 100
my-database | selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
my-database | selecting default time zone ... Etc/UTC
my-database | creating configuration files ... ok
my-database | running bootstrap script ... ok
my-database | performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
my-database | syncing data to disk ... ok
my-database |
my-database | initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
my-database | You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
my-database | --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
my-database |
my-database | Success. You can now start the database server using:
my-database |
my-database | pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/data -l logfile start
my-database |
my-database | waiting for server to start....2020-12-22 23:42:50.083 UTC [45] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 13.1 (Debian 13.1-1.pgdg100+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 8.3.0-6) 8.3.0, 64-bit
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.085 UTC [45] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.091 UTC [46] LOG: database system was shut down at 2020-12-22 23:42:49 UTC
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.096 UTC [45] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
my-database | done
my-database | server started
my-database | CREATE DATABASE
my-database |
my-database |
my-database | /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: running /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init-db-01.sql
my-database | psql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init-db-01.sql:1: NOTICE: database "mergeletter" does not exist, skipping
my-database | DROP DATABASE
my-database | CREATE DATABASE
my-database | You are now connected to database "mergeletter" as user "admin".
my-database | CREATE SEQUENCE
my-database | CREATE TABLE
my-database |
my-database |
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.515 UTC [45] LOG: received fast shutdown request
my-database | waiting for server to shut down....2020-12-22 23:42:50.516 UTC [45] LOG: aborting any active transactions
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.521 UTC [45] LOG: background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 52) exited with exit code 1
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.521 UTC [47] LOG: shutting down
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.541 UTC [45] LOG: database system is shut down
my-database | done
my-database | server stopped
my-database |
my-database | PostgreSQL init process complete; ready for start up.
my-database |
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.648 UTC [1] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 13.1 (Debian 13.1-1.pgdg100+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 8.3.0-6) 8.3.0, 64-bit
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.649 UTC [1] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.649 UTC [1] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.652 UTC [1] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.657 UTC [73] LOG: database system was shut down at 2020-12-22 23:42:50 UTC
my-database | 2020-12-22 23:42:50.663 UTC [1] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
答案 0 :(得分：3)
简单地说，这是故意发生的；作者将其作为初始化的一部分。
看起来可以在图像的入口点 shell 脚本中找到一些答案：
_main() {
# if first arg looks like a flag, assume we want to run postgres server
if [ "${1:0:1}" = '-' ]; then
set -- postgres "$@"
fi
if [ "$1" = 'postgres' ] && ! _pg_want_help "$@"; then
docker_setup_env
# setup data directories and permissions (when run as root)
docker_create_db_directories
if [ "$(id -u)" = '0' ]; then
# then restart script as postgres user
exec gosu postgres "$BASH_SOURCE" "$@"
fi
# only run initialization on an empty data directory
if [ -z "$DATABASE_ALREADY_EXISTS" ]; then
docker_verify_minimum_env
# check dir permissions to reduce likelihood of half-initialized database
ls /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/ > /dev/null
docker_init_database_dir
pg_setup_hba_conf
# PGPASSWORD is required for psql when authentication is required for 'local' connections via pg_hba.conf and is otherwise harmless
# e.g. when '--auth=md5' or '--auth-local=md5' is used in POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS
export PGPASSWORD="${PGPASSWORD:-$POSTGRES_PASSWORD}"
docker_temp_server_start "$@"
docker_setup_db
docker_process_init_files /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*
docker_temp_server_stop
unset PGPASSWORD
echo
echo 'PostgreSQL init process complete; ready for start up.'
echo
else
echo
echo 'PostgreSQL Database directory appears to contain a database; Skipping initialization'
echo
fi
fi
exec "$@"
}
至于“为什么？”我认为这是因为希望以较低权限的用户身份运行。
您可以通过在 Compose 文件中指定一个卷来“解决”问题，如下所示：
volumes:
- ./data/pgsql:/var/lib/postgresql/data
然后，它将跳过例程以确保DATABASE_ALREADY_EXISTS。
或者，如果这没有帮助 - 您可以深入研究入口点脚本。
答案 1 :(得分：2)
感谢@TorEHagermann (https://stackoverflow.com/a/65417566/5631863) 的上述提示，我能够解决问题。
解决方案包括以下内容：
volumes:
- ./data/pgsql:/var/lib/postgresql/data
此外，就我而言，每次启动容器时都需要清除和刷新数据。因此，我在 shell 脚本中包含以下内容以删除驱动器 /data/pgsql：
rm -rf data
有了这个改变，我的 docker-compose 文件看起来像： 版本：'3.8'
services:
my-database:
container_name: my-database
image: library/postgres:13.1
volumes:
- ./db/init-my-database.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init-db-01.sql
- ./data/pgsql:/var/lib/postgresql/data
environment:
- POSTGRES_DB=my-database
- POSTGRES_USER=admin
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password
ports:
- 10040:5432
restart: always
networks:
- app-network