PYGAME 精灵矩形碰撞与精灵碰撞

Question

我正在制作一个平台游戏，并有一个 blob（外星人）作为障碍物在平台上来回移动

对于碰撞，我遇到了一个问题，即我的外星精灵碰撞箱很大，一旦我的玩家进入 0.75 格范围内，他就会立即死亡。我希望hitbox小得多

目前我正在使用 pygame.sprite.spritecollide 来处理我的玩家和 blob 之间的碰撞

无论如何我改变这个我无法修复hitboxes

有没有办法解决这个问题，我相信 pygame.sprite.collide_rect 或 collide_rect_ratio 可能有效，但我不知道如何使用该函数

有人可以解释一下我应该在我的代码中更改什么来解决这个问题（hitboxes）

TLDR;我想修复我糟糕的碰撞箱，你能用简单的术语解释一下吗

这是碰撞的代码

#check for collision with enemies
                if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, blob_group, False):
                    game_over = -1
                    game_over_fx.play()

这是我的完整代码

#import modules
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from pygame import mixer
import pickle
from os import path


#initiliaze pygamee

pygame.mixer.pre_init(44100,-16,2,512) #volume control

mixer.init()



pygame.init()

#fps
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
font = pygame.font.SysFont('Bauhaus 93', 70)
font_score = pygame.font.SysFont('Bauhaus 93',30)
#screen creation/global variables
screen_width = 800
screen_height = 800
tile_size = 40
fps = 60

game_over = 0
main_menu = True
level = 7
max_levels = 7
score = 0



screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Crashlandingv6')

#color
white = (255,255,255)
red = (255,15,15)
blue = (0,0,200)
#load images
bg_img = pygame.image.load('img/background.jpg')
bg_img = pygame.transform.scale(bg_img, (1000,1000))
earth_img = pygame.image.load('img/earth.png')
earth_img = pygame.transform.scale(earth_img, (100,100))
rect = bg_img.get_rect()
restart_img = pygame.image.load('img/restart_btn.png')
start_img = pygame.image.load('img/start_btn.png')
exit_img = pygame.image.load('img/exit_btn.png')


#Load sounds
pygame.mixer.music.load('img/music.wav')
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1,0.0,15000)
coin_fx = pygame.mixer.Sound('img/coin.wav')
coin_fx.set_volume(0.4)
jump_fx = pygame.mixer.Sound('img/jump.wav')
jump_fx.set_volume(0.4)
game_over_fx = pygame.mixer.Sound('img/gameover.wav')
game_over_fx.set_volume(0.5)
def draw_text(text,font,text_col,x,y):
    img = font.render(text,True, text_col)
    screen.blit(img,(x,y))

#function to reset level
def reset_level(level):
    player.reset(100, screen_height - 130)
    blob_group.empty()
    lava_group.empty()
    exit_group.empty()
    if path.exists(f'level{level}_data'):
        pickle_in = open(f'level{level}_data', 'rb')
        world_data = pickle.load(pickle_in)
    world = World(world_data)
    return world

#create button class

class Button():
    def __init__(self,x,y,image):
        self.image = image
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = x
        self.rect.y = y
        self.clicked = False

    def draw(self):
        action = False

        pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()


        #check for button collision (if button was clicked {action}
        if self.rect.collidepoint(pos):
            if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()[0] == 1 and self.clicked == False:
                action = True
                self.clicked = True
        if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()[0] == 0:
            self.clicked = False
        #draw button to screen
        screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

        return action

#class for player
class Player():
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.reset(x,y)

    def update(self,game_over):
        dx = 0 #delta x
        dy = 0 #delta y
        walk_cooldown = 4 #speed
        col_thresh = 20

        if game_over == 0: #if game is running gameover = 0 if game is over gameover = -1
            #get keypresses (controls)
            key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
            if key[pygame.K_SPACE] and self.jumped == False:
                jump_fx.play()
                self.vel_y = -15
                self.jumped = True

            if key[pygame.K_LEFT]:
                dx -= 5
                self.counter += 1
                self.direction = -1
            if key[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
                dx += 5
                self.counter += 1
                self.direction = 1
            if key[pygame.K_LEFT] == False and key[pygame.K_RIGHT] == False:
                self.counter = 0
                self.index = 0
                if self.direction == 1:
                    self.image = self.images_right[self.index]
                if self.direction == -1:
                    self.image = self.images_left[self.index]

            #TO DO < insert here !!
            # add idle player animation if all buttons are false set player to idle



            # players animation
            if self.counter > walk_cooldown:
                self.counter = 0
                self.index += 1
                if self.index >= len(self.images_right):
                    self.index = 0
                if self.direction == 1:
                    self.image = self.images_right[self.index]
                if self.direction == -1:
                    self.image = self.images_left[self.index]



            #add gravity
            self.vel_y += 1
            if self.vel_y > 10:
                self.vel_y = 10
            dy += self.vel_y

            #check for collision

            for tile in world.tile_list:
                #x direction collision
                if tile[1].colliderect(self.rect.x + dx, self.rect.y, self.width, self.height):
                    dx=0




                #y direction collision
                if tile[1].colliderect(self.rect.x, self.rect.y + dy, self.width, self.height):
                    #check if below ground (jumping)
                    if self.vel_y <0:
                        dy = tile[1].bottom - self.rect.top
                        self.vel_y = 0
                    #check if above ground(falling)
                    elif self.vel_y >= 0:
                        dy = tile[1].top - self.rect.bottom
                        self.jumped = False
                #check for collision with enemies
                if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, blob_group, False):
                    game_over = -1
                    game_over_fx.play()



                #check for collision with lava
                if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self,lava_group,False):
                    game_over = -1


                # check for collision with exit
                if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, exit_group, False):
                    game_over = 1

                #platform collision
                for platform in platform_group:
                    #check for x collision
                    if platform.rect.colliderect(self.rect.x + dx, self.rect.y, self.width, self.height):
                        dx = 0
                    # y collision
                    if platform.rect.colliderect(self.rect.x, self.rect.y + dy, self.width, self.height):
                        #check if below platform
                        if abs((self.rect.top + dy) - platform.rect.bottom) < col_thresh:
                            self.vel_y = 0
                            dy = platform.rect.bottom - self.rect.top
                        #check if above platform
                        elif abs((self.rect.bottom + dy) - platform.rect.top) < col_thresh:
                            self.rect.bottom = platform.rect.top - 1
                            self.in_air = False
                            dy = 0
                        #Move sideways w platform
                        if platform.move_x != 0:
                            self.rect.x += platform.move_direction





            #if gameover (recall gameover = -1 gamerunning = 0)
        elif game_over == -1:
            self.image = self.dead_image
            draw_text('GAME OVER!', font, red, (screen_width //2) - 200, screen_height //2)
            if self.rect.y > 200:
                self.rect.y -= 5
        #update player coordinates
        self.rect.x += dx
        self.rect.y += dy



        #draw player onto screen
        screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
        #for rect outlines uncomment #pygame.draw.rect(screen,(255,255,255), self.rect, 2)

        return game_over

    def reset(self,x,y): #Player class under reset button , when player  class is created info gets called from reset for efficiency purposes (instead of typing out twice)
        self.images_right = []
        self.images_left = []
        self.index = 0
        self.counter = 0
        for num in range(1, 7):
            img_right = pygame.image.load(f'img/guy{num}.png')
            img_right = pygame.transform.scale(img_right, (40, 80))
            img_left = pygame.transform.flip(img_right, True, False)  # flips right image on the x axis {true} and not y axis {false}
            self.images_right.append(img_right)
            self.images_left.append(img_left)
        self.dead_image = pygame.image.load('img/ghost.png')
        self.image = self.images_right[self.index]
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = x
        self.rect.y = y
        self.width = self.image.get_width()
        self.height = self.image.get_height()
        self.vel_y = 0
        self.jumped = False
        self.direction = 0

#class for tiles
class World():
    def __init__(self,data):
        self.tile_list = []

        #load images
        dirt_img = pygame.image.load('img/dirt.png')
        moonrock_img = pygame.image.load('img/moonrock.png')



#game map
        row_count = 0
        for row in data:
            col_count = 0
            for tile in row:
                if tile == 1: #replace with dirt
                    img = pygame.transform.scale(dirt_img,(tile_size,tile_size))
                    img_rect = img.get_rect()
                    img_rect.x = col_count * tile_size
                    img_rect.y = row_count * tile_size
                    tile = (img,img_rect)
                    self.tile_list.append(tile)
                if tile == 2: #replace with moonrock
                    img = pygame.transform.scale(moonrock_img, (tile_size, tile_size))
                    img_rect = img.get_rect()
                    img_rect.x = col_count * tile_size
                    img_rect.y = row_count * tile_size
                    tile = (img, img_rect)
                    self.tile_list.append(tile)
                if tile == 3: #replace with alien
                    blob = Enemy(col_count * tile_size, row_count * tile_size + 10)
                    blob_group.add(blob)
                if tile == 4:
                    platform = Platform(col_count * tile_size, row_count * tile_size,1,0) # y direction
                    platform_group.add(platform)
                if tile == 5:
                    platform = Platform(col_count * tile_size, row_count * tile_size,0,1)
                    platform_group.add(platform)
                if tile == 6: #replace with acid
                    lava = Lava(col_count * tile_size, row_count * tile_size+(tile_size //2))
                    lava_group.add(lava)
                if tile == 7:
                    coin = Coin(col_count * tile_size + (tile_size //2), row_count * tile_size + (tile_size // 2))
                    coin_group.add(coin)
                if tile == 8:
                    exit = Exit(col_count * tile_size, row_count * tile_size - (tile_size//2))
                    exit_group.add(exit)
                col_count += 1
            row_count += 1


    def draw(self): #draws tiles to screen
        for tile in self.tile_list:
            screen.blit(tile[0],tile[1])
    #for rectangle outlines uncomment       #pygame.draw.rect(screen,(255,255,255), tile[1], 1)



#ENEMY SPRITE class
class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.image.load('img/blob.png')
        self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (65,35))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = x
        self.rect.y = y
        self.move_direction = 1
        self.move_counter = 0

    def update(self): #update enemy (movement)
        self.rect.x += self.move_direction
        self.move_counter += 1
        if abs(self.move_counter) > 50:
            self.move_direction *= -1
            self.move_counter *= -1

class Platform(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y, move_x, move_y):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        img = pygame.image.load('img/platform.png')
        self.image = pygame.transform.scale(img, (tile_size, tile_size // 2))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = x
        self.rect.y = y
        self.move_counter = 0
        self.move_direction = 1
        self.move_x = move_x
        self.move_y = move_y

    def update(self): #update enemy (movement)
        self.rect.x += self.move_direction * self.move_x
        self.rect.y += self.move_direction * self.move_y
        self.move_counter += 1
        if abs(self.move_counter) > 50:
            self.move_direction *= -1
            self.move_counter *= -1

#LIQUID SPRITE (acid)
class Lava(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        img = pygame.image.load('img/lava2.jpg')
        self.image = pygame.transform.scale(img, (tile_size, tile_size//2))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = x
        self.rect.y = y

class Coin(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        img = pygame.image.load('img/coin.png')
        self.image = pygame.transform.scale(img, (tile_size//2, tile_size//2))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = (x,y)




class Exit(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        img = pygame.image.load('img/exit.png')
        self.image = pygame.transform.scale(img, (tile_size, int(tile_size * 1.5)))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = x
        self.rect.y = y






player = Player(100,screen_height - 130)
blob_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
platform_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
lava_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
coin_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
exit_group = pygame.sprite.Group()


#score coin dumby coin
score_coin = Coin(tile_size//2, tile_size//2)
coin_group.add(score_coin)
#load in level data and create world

if path.exists(f'level{level}_data'):
    pickle_in = open(f'level{level}_data', 'rb')
    world_data = pickle.load(pickle_in)
world = World(world_data)

#create buttons
restart_button = Button(screen_width // 2 - 50, screen_height // 2 + 100, restart_img)
start_button = Button(screen_width// 2 - 350, screen_height // 2, start_img)
exit_button = Button(screen_width// 2 + 100, screen_height // 2, exit_img)
#main loop/ WHILE GAME IS RUNNING DO THIS
run = True
while run:
    clock.tick(fps) #run the fps timers
    screen.blit(bg_img,rect) #add bg img
    screen.blit(earth_img,(100,100))


    if main_menu == True:
        if exit_button.draw():
            run = False
        if start_button.draw():
            main_menu = False
    else:

        world.draw() #draw the world tiles
        if game_over == 0: # while alive / not dead
            blob_group.update()
            platform_group.update()

            #update score and  checking for coin collection

            if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player,coin_group,True):
                score += 1
                coin_fx.play()

            draw_text("X " + str(score), font_score ,white, tile_size - 10, 10)
        blob_group.draw(screen)
        platform_group.draw(screen)
        lava_group.draw(screen)
        coin_group.draw(screen)
        exit_group.draw(screen)


        game_over = player.update(game_over)


        #if player is dead
        if game_over == -1:
            if restart_button.draw():
                world_data = []
                world = reset_level(level)
                game_over = 0
                score = 0

        #If level complete reset and next level
        if game_over == 1:
            level += 1
            if level <= max_levels:
                #reset level
                world_date = []
                world = reset_level(level)
                game_over = 0
            else:
                draw_text('WINNER WINNER!', font, blue, (screen_width //2) - 140, screen_height // 2)
                #restart game
                if restart_button.draw():
                    level = 1
                    # reset level
                    world_date = []
                    world = reset_level(level)
                    game_over = 0
                    score = 0

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False


    pygame.display.update() #update display

pygame.quit() #quit game

这是我的外星人精灵

这是我的外星人类的代码

class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
        def __init__(self, x, y):
            pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
            self.image = pygame.image.load('img/blob.png')
            self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (65,35))
            self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
            self.rect.x = x
            self.rect.y = y
            self.move_direction = 1
            self.move_counter = 0
    
        def update(self): #update enemy (movement)
            self.rect.x += self.move_direction
            self.move_counter += 1
            if abs(self.move_counter) > 50:
                self.move_direction *= -1
                self.move_counter *= -1

这是我的播放器类的代码（我称之为重置）

def reset(self,x,y): #Player class under reset button , when player  class is created info gets called from reset for efficiency purposes (instead of typing out twice)
        self.images_right = []
        self.images_left = []
        self.index = 0
        self.counter = 0
        for num in range(1, 7):
            img_right = pygame.image.load(f'img/guy{num}.png')
            img_right = pygame.transform.scale(img_right, (40, 80))
            img_left = pygame.transform.flip(img_right, True, False)  # flips right image on the x axis {true} and not y axis {false}
            self.images_right.append(img_right)
            self.images_left.append(img_left)
        self.dead_image = pygame.image.load('img/ghost.png')
        self.image = self.images_right[self.index]
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = x
        self.rect.y = y
        self.width = self.image.get_width()
        self.height = self.image.get_height()
        self.vel_y = 0
        self.jumped = False
        self.direction = 0

Answer 1

使用 inflate 缩小矩形大小。
但是，由于 rect 属性用于碰撞检测和绘制精灵，因此您需要创建一个较小的图像。使用 pygame.Surface.subsurface 创建一个引用原始表面父级的新表面：

class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        
        self.image_orig = pygame.image.load('img/blob.png')
        self.image_orig = pygame.transform.scale(self.image_orig, (65, 65))        
        
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect().inflate(-30, -20)     
        self.image = self.image_orig.subsurface(self.rect)
        self.rect.topleft = x, y
        
        self.move_direction = 1
        self.move_counter = 0

---

可以使用pygame.mask.Mask和pygame.mask.from_surface自动检测hitbox的大小：

def hitbox_from_image(surf):
    image_mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(surf)
    rect_list = image_mask.get_bounding_rects()
    return rect_list[0].unionall(rect_list) 

class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)

        self.image_orig = pygame.image.load('img/blob.png')
        self.image_orig = pygame.transform.scale(self.image_orig, (65, 65))        
        
        self.rect = hitbox_from_image(self.image_orig)     
        self.image = self.image_orig.subsurface(self.rect)
        self.rect.topleft = x, y

        self.move_direction = 1
        self.move_counter = 0

---

对于 Player 类，我建议您做类似的事情。加载后分别裁剪每个图像（功能 crop_image）。
在绘制精灵之前更新 rect 函数中的 update 属性：

def crop_image(surf):
    rect = hitbox_from_image(surf)
    return surf.subsurface(self.rect).copy()

class Player():
    # [...]

    def update(self,game_over):
        # [...]

        self.rect.x += dx
        self.rect.y += dy
        self.rec = self.image.get_rect(center = self.rect.center)

        screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

    def reset(self,x,y): #Player class under reset button , when player  class is created info gets called from reset for efficiency purposes (instead of typing out twice)
        self.images_right = []
        self.images_left = []
        self.index = 0
        self.counter = 0
        for num in range(1, 7):
            img_right = pygame.image.load(f'img/guy{num}.png')
            img_right = crop_image(pygame.transform.scale(img_right, (40, 80)))
            img_left = pygame.transform.flip(img_right, True, False)  # flips right image on the x axis {true} and not y axis {false}
            self.images_right.append(img_right)
            self.images_left.append(img_left)
        self.dead_image = crop_image(pygame.image.load('img/ghost.png'))
        self.image = self.images_right[self.index]
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = x
        self.rect.y = y
        self.width = self.image.get_width()
        self.height = self.image.get_height()
        self.vel_y = 0
        self.jumped = False
        self.direction = 0