backtrader 买入价和卖出价输出差异

Question

请看附件图片。买入和卖出订单的价格是由 ' f"Price: {order.executed.price:6.2f} " ' 确认的第二天开盘价 ' 输出是第二天的开盘价，当运行后 ' cerebro.addwriter(bt.WriterFile , csv=True, out='outputfiles{}.csv'.format(ticker)) ' 文件中记录的价格与执行价格不同。

我在这里附上了代码

import math
import datetime
import backtrader as bt

def run_test_single():
    ticker="OXY"
    print("ticker")
    print(ticker)
    macd_stock_test2(ticker)


def macd_stock_test2(ticker):
    cerebro = bt.Cerebro()
    cerebro.addstrategy(GoldCross)
    cerebro.broker.set_cash(1000000)

    feed = bt.feeds.YahooFinanceData(

        dataname=ticker,

        timeframe=bt.TimeFrame.Days,
        fromdate=datetime.datetime(1996, 1, 1),
        todate=datetime.datetime(2020, 12, 31),
        reverse=False,
    )
    cerebro.adddata(feed)

    cerebro.addwriter(bt.WriterFile, csv=True, out='outputfiles\{}.csv'.format(ticker))

    print("starting portfolio value: %.2f" % cerebro.broker.getvalue())
    cerebro.run()

    print("final portfolio value: %.2f" % cerebro.broker.getvalue())
    cerebro.plot(style='candle')

class GoldCross(bt.Strategy):  #unknow gold cross

    # set parameters to define fast and slow
    params = (
        ("fast", 12),
        ("slow", 26),
        ("order_percentage", 0.95),
        ("ticker", "stock"),
    )

    # define constractors
    def __init__(self):
        print("position size:", self.position.size)

        self.fast_moving_average = bt.indicators.EMA(
            self.data.close, period=self.params.fast, plotname="12 day moving average"
        )

        self.slow_moving_average = bt.indicators.EMA(
            self.data.close, period=self.params.slow, plotname="26 day moving average"
        )

        self.crossover = bt.indicators.CrossOver(
            self.fast_moving_average, self.slow_moving_average
        )

    def log(self, txt, dt=None):
        """ Logging function fot this strategy"""
        dt = dt or self.data.datetime[0]
        if isinstance(dt, float):
            dt = bt.num2date(dt)
        print("%s, %s" % (dt.date(), txt))

    def notify_order(self, order):
        """ Triggered upon changes to orders. """

        # Suppress notification if it is just a submitted order.
        if order.status == order.Submitted:
            return

        # Print out the date, security name, order number and status.
        dt, dn = self.datetime.date(), order.data._name
        type = "Buy" if order.isbuy() else "Sell"
        self.log(
            # print(dn)
            f"{order.data._name:<6} Order: {order.ref:3d}\tType: {type:<5}\tStatus"
            f" {order.getstatusname():<8} \t"
            f"Size: {order.created.size:9.1f} Price: {order.created.price:9.4f} "
            f"Position: {self.getposition(order.data).size}"
        )
        if order.status == order.Margin:
            return

        # Check if an order has been completed
        if order.status in [order.Completed]:
            self.log(
                f"{order.data._name:<6} {('BUY' if order.isbuy() else 'SELL'):<5} "
                f"EXECUTED for: {dn} "
                f"Price: {order.executed.price:6.2f} "
                f"Cost: {order.executed.value:6.2f} "
                f"Comm: {order.executed.comm:4.2f} "
                f"Size: {order.created.size:9.4f} "
            )

    def notify_trade(self, trade):
        """Provides notification of closed trades."""
        if trade.isclosed:
            self.log(
                "{} Closed: PnL Gross {}, Net {},".format(
                    trade.data._name,
                    round(trade.pnl, 2),
                    round(trade.pnlcomm, 1),
                )
            )

    def next(self):
        if self.position.size == 0:
            if self.crossover > 0:
                amount_to_invest = self.params.order_percentage * self.broker.cash
                self.size = math.floor(amount_to_invest / self.data.close)

                self.log(
                    "Buy {} shares of {} at {}".format(
                        self.size,
                        self.params.ticker,
                        self.data.close[0],
                    )
                )
                self.buy(size=self.size,price=self.data.close[0])

        if self.position.size > 0:
            if self.crossover < 0:
                self.log(
                    "Sell {} shares of {} at {}".format(
                        self.size, self.params.ticker, self.data.close[0],
                    )
                )
                self.sell(size=self.size,price=self.data.close[0])

    def end(self):
        self.sell(size=self.size, price=self.data.close[0])
        return


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("File one executed when ran directly")
    run_test_single()

else:
    print("File one executed when imported")