Question

我是 Django 的新手，我想知道如何使用基于类的视图智能地链接评论和帖子系统。这是我在“博客”应用中的“models.py”文件：

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.urls import reverse


class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    content = models.TextField()
    date_posted = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)


    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    
    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('post-detail', kwargs={'pk': self.pk})


class Comment(models.Model):
    post = models.ForeignKey(Post, related_name='comments', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    content = models.TextField()
    date_posted = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['date_posted']

    def __str__(self):
        return '{} - {}'.format(self.author, self.date_posted)

我的“post_detail.html”模板显示了特定的帖子，在这里我只想显示帖子下的所有评论：

{% extends 'blog/base.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <article class="media content-section">
        <img class="rounded-circle article-img" src="{{ object.author.profile.image.url }}">
        <div class="media-body">
            <div class="article-metadata">
                <a class="mr-2" href="{% url 'user-posts' object.author.username %}">
                    {{ object.author }}
                </a>
                <small class="text-muted">{{ object.date_posted  | date:"F d, Y" }}</small>
                {% if object.author == user %}
                    <div>
                        <a class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 mb-1" href="{% url 'post-update' object.id %}">Update</a>
                        <a class="btn btn-danger btn-sm mt-1 mb-1" href="{% url 'post-delete' object.id %}">Delete</a>
                    </div>
                {% endif %}
            </div>
            <h2 class="article-title">
                {{ object.title }}
            </h2>
            <p class="article-content">{{ object.content }}</p>
        </div>
    </article>
    <div>
        <strong><h2>Comments Section</h2></strong>
    </div>
{% endblock content %}

'views.py' 文件如下所示：

from blog.forms import CommentForm
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin
from django.contrib.auth.mixins import UserPassesTestMixin
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.shortcuts import redirect, render
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.views.generic import DetailView 
from django.views.generic import CreateView
from django.views.generic import UpdateView
from django.views.generic import DeleteView
from .models import Post
from .models import Comment


def home(request):
    context = {
        'title': 'Home',
        'posts': Post.objects.all()
    }
    return render(request, 'blog/home.html', context)


class PostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = 'blog/home.html'
    context_object_name='posts'
    ordering = ['-date_posted']
    paginate_by = 7


class UserPostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = 'blog/user_posts.html'
    context_object_name='posts'
    paginate_by = 7

    def get_queryset(self):
        user = get_object_or_404(User, username=self.kwargs.get('username'))
        return Post.objects.filter(author=user).order_by('-date_posted')


class PostDetailView(DetailView):
    model = Post


def comment(request, pk):
    post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = CommentForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            comment = form.save(commit=False)
            comment.post = post
            comment.save()
            return redirect('post-detail', pk=post.pk)
        else:
            form = CommentForm()
    return render(request, 'blog/post_detail.html', {'form': form})


class PostCreateView(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView):
    model = Post
    fields = ['title', 'content']

    def form_valid(self, form):
        form.instance.author = self.request.user
        return super().form_valid(form)


class PostUpdateView(LoginRequiredMixin, UserPassesTestMixin, UpdateView):
    model = Post
    fields = ['title', 'content']

    def form_valid(self, form):
        form.instance.author = self.request.user
        return super().form_valid(form)

    def test_func(self):
        post = self.get_object()
        if self.request.user == post.author:
            return True
        return False



class PostDeleteView(LoginRequiredMixin, UserPassesTestMixin, DeleteView):
    model = Post
    success_url = '/'

    def test_func(self):
        post = self.get_object()
        if self.request.user == post.author:
            return True
        return False


def about(request):
    return render(request, 'blog/about.html', {'title': 'About'})

我知道一切都应该在 PostDetailView 类中完成，但我不知道如何开始。我将不胜感激任何想法或建议

Answer 1

您有一个从 Comment 到 Post 的外键，因此如果您有一个 Post 对象，您可以使用 post.comments.all() 获取所有相关评论。

您可以直接在模板中执行此操作，只需省略括号即可。这是用于说明的模板片段：

<div>
    <strong><h2>Comments Section</h2></strong>
    <ul>
    {% for comment in object.comments.all %}
        <li>{{ comment }} {{ comment.context }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</div>

这种隐藏数据库查询以获取模板中的评论。如果您更愿意在视图中执行查询，您可以覆盖 PostDetailView.get_context_data():

类 PostDetailView(DetailView)：模型 = 发布

def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
    ctx = super().get_context_datat(**kwargs)
    ctx["comments"] = ctx["object"].comments.all()
    return ctx

在这种情况下，模板中的 for 循环如下所示：

{% for comment in object.comments.all %}

Django 博客 - 评论系统

1 个答案: