使用 .NET Core 检测并重新启动崩溃的 Windows 应用程序

Question

我们很少有 3rd 方供应商提供的应用程序经常崩溃，而且由于我们没有它的源代码，我们无法真正正确地修复它。所以我决定创建一个 .NET core 5 worker service 来监控这些应用程序并根据需要重新启动它们。

我如何检测此应用程序是否因为应用程序本身未关闭但出现错误窗口而崩溃。该应用程序仍显示在任务管理器的“进程”选项卡上。崩溃的迹象来自窗口对话框中的消息。

我只需要抓取错误窗口对话框上的错误消息进行记录，关闭错误窗口和应用程序，最后再次启动应用程序。 该应用程序很旧；可能是 winforms 应用。

任何有关如何在 .NET core 中执行此操作的指导将不胜感激。

谢谢！

Answer 1

更新为使用 UIAutomation

正如@Simon Mourier 和@Ben Voigt 在评论中所建议的那样。 非常感谢！

这就是我让它工作的方式。如果可以做得更好，请随时提供建议。

确保将其添加到 .NET core .csproj 文件中，以便能够使用 using System.Windows.Automation; 命名空间：

  <ItemGroup>
    <FrameworkReference Include="Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App" />
  </ItemGroup>

现在主要的Program.cs：

class Program
{
    private const int ThreadDelay = 5000;
    public static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        var appsFromAppSettings = new List<WatchedApp>
        {
            new WatchedApp()
            {
                AppName = "TMWMPoll",
                NumberOfInstances = 1,
                AppWindowName = "(4650) Test PNET Poller (3) ELogs",
                ErrorWindowName = "TMW MobileComm Xfc",
                AppLocation = @"C:\Users\source\repos\TMWMPoll\publish\setup.exe"
            }
        };

        // I'm using Hashset, because I do not want to add duplicate items to the list.
        var appsToRestart = new HashSet<WatchedApp>();

        while (true)
        {
            var processArray = Process.GetProcesses();

            //Step 1: Handle the errored out apps
            foreach (var app in appsFromAppSettings)
            {
                var process = processArray.FirstOrDefault(p => p.ProcessName == app.AppName);

                // See if the app is even running:
                if (process == null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"Couldn't find the app: '{app.AppName}' to be running. A new instance will be opened for it.");
                    appsToRestart.Add(app);
                    continue;
                }

                // Get the main window of the process we're interested in:
                AutomationElement appMainWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(process.MainWindowHandle);
                if (appMainWindow == null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"Couldn't find the app window for: {app.AppName}.");
                    continue;
                }

                // Check if it is being opened as a Window. If it is, then it should implement the Window pattern.
                object pattern;
                if (!appMainWindow.TryGetCurrentPattern(WindowPattern.Pattern, out pattern))
                {
                    continue;
                }

                // Cast the pattern object to WindowPattern
                var window = (WindowPattern)pattern;

                // Get all the child windows.
                // Because if there is a child window, the app could have errored out so we'll be restarting the app to be safe.
                var childElements = appMainWindow.FindAll(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, ControlType.Window));
                if (childElements.Count > 0)
                {
                    foreach (AutomationElement childElement in childElements)
                    {
                        // Check if it is being opened as a Window. If it is, then it should implement the Window pattern.
                        if (!childElement.TryGetCurrentPattern(WindowPattern.Pattern, out pattern))
                        {
                            continue;
                        }

                        // // Cast the pattern object to WindowPattern
                        var childWindow = (WindowPattern)pattern;

                        // Now read the error message in there:
                        var errorMessage = childElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, ControlType.Text))?.Current.Name;
                        Console.WriteLine($"This is the error to log: {errorMessage}");
                        childWindow.Close();
                    }

                    // This app will need to be restarted, so make note of it.
                    appsToRestart.Add(app);
                    // Finally kill the process after all that logging from those child windows.
                    process.Kill();
                }
            }

            //Step 2: Handle the apps that didn't start or were crashed (by comparing with the processArray)
            var notRunningApps = appsFromAppSettings
                                .Where(aps => !processArray
                                                .Select(pa => pa.ProcessName)
                                                .Contains(aps.AppName))
                                .ToList();

            // Now create the final list of apps for us to open:
            appsToRestart.UnionWith(notRunningApps);

            // Now open all those apps.
            if (appsToRestart.Any())
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Some required apps either crashed or were not running, so starting them now.");
                foreach (var notRunningApp in appsToRestart)
                {
                    //Start the app now
                    for (int i = 1; i <= notRunningApp.NumberOfInstances; i++)
                    {
                        Process.Start(notRunningApp.AppLocation);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Now clear the hashset for appsToRestart before the next run
            appsToRestart.Clear();

            // Poll every ThreadDelay microseconds.
            await Task.Delay(ThreadDelay);
        };
    }
}

WatchedApp 记录：

//In a record type, you can't change the value of value-type properties or the reference of reference-type properties. 
public record WatchedApp
{
    public string AppName { get; init; }
    public sbyte NumberOfInstances { get; init; }
    public string AppWindowName { get; init; }
    public string ErrorWindowName { get; init; }
    public string AppLocation { get; init; }
}