子图的pyplot轴标签

时间:2011-08-05 21:55:48

标签: python matplotlib label subplot axes

我有以下情节:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig2 = plt.figure()
ax3 = fig2.add_subplot(2,1,1)
ax4 = fig2.add_subplot(2,1,2)
ax4.loglog(x1, y1)
ax3.loglog(x2, y2)
ax3.set_ylabel('hello')

我希望能够为两个子图中的每一个创建轴标签和标题,还能够创建跨越两个子图的常用标签。例如,由于两个图都有相同的轴,我只需要一组x和y轴标签。我确实希望每个子情节都有不同的标题。

我尝试了一些东西,但没有一个正常工作

7 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:198)

您可以创建一个覆盖两个子图的大子图,然后设置公共标签。

import random
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = range(1, 101)
y1 = [random.randint(1, 100) for _ in xrange(len(x))]
y2 = [random.randint(1, 100) for _ in xrange(len(x))]

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)    # The big subplot
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(211)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(212)

# Turn off axis lines and ticks of the big subplot
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['left'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.tick_params(labelcolor='w', top='off', bottom='off', left='off', right='off')

ax1.loglog(x, y1)
ax2.loglog(x, y2)

# Set common labels
ax.set_xlabel('common xlabel')
ax.set_ylabel('common ylabel')

ax1.set_title('ax1 title')
ax2.set_title('ax2 title')

plt.savefig('common_labels.png', dpi=300)

common_labels.png

另一种方法是使用fig.text()直接设置公共标签的位置。

import random
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = range(1, 101)
y1 = [random.randint(1, 100) for _ in xrange(len(x))]
y2 = [random.randint(1, 100) for _ in xrange(len(x))]

fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(211)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(212)

ax1.loglog(x, y1)
ax2.loglog(x, y2)

# Set common labels
fig.text(0.5, 0.04, 'common xlabel', ha='center', va='center')
fig.text(0.06, 0.5, 'common ylabel', ha='center', va='center', rotation='vertical')

ax1.set_title('ax1 title')
ax2.set_title('ax2 title')

plt.savefig('common_labels_text.png', dpi=300)

common_labels_text.png

答案 1 :(得分:19)

plt.setp()将完成这项工作:

# plot something
fig, axs = plt.subplots(3,3, figsize=(15, 8), sharex=True, sharey=True)
for i, ax in enumerate(axs.flat):
    ax.scatter(*np.random.normal(size=(2,200)))
    ax.set_title(f'Title {i}')

# set labels
plt.setp(axs[-1, :], xlabel='x axis label')
plt.setp(axs[:, 0], ylabel='y axis label')

enter image description here

答案 2 :(得分:13)

如果你没有尝试导出矢量图形,或者你已经设置了matplotlib后端来忽略无色轴,那么廖文伟的回答是好的。否则隐藏的轴将显示在导出的图形中。

此处我的回答suplabel类似于使用fig.suptitle功能的fig.text。因此,没有轴艺术家被创造并且变得无色。 但是,如果您尝试多次调用它,则会将文本添加到彼此之上(因为fig.suptitle也会这样做)。廖文伟的回答没有,因为fig.add_subplot(111)将返回相同的Axes对象(如果已经创建)。

创建绘图后也可以调用我的函数。

def suplabel(axis,label,label_prop=None,
             labelpad=5,
             ha='center',va='center'):
    ''' Add super ylabel or xlabel to the figure
    Similar to matplotlib.suptitle
    axis       - string: "x" or "y"
    label      - string
    label_prop - keyword dictionary for Text
    labelpad   - padding from the axis (default: 5)
    ha         - horizontal alignment (default: "center")
    va         - vertical alignment (default: "center")
    '''
    fig = pylab.gcf()
    xmin = []
    ymin = []
    for ax in fig.axes:
        xmin.append(ax.get_position().xmin)
        ymin.append(ax.get_position().ymin)
    xmin,ymin = min(xmin),min(ymin)
    dpi = fig.dpi
    if axis.lower() == "y":
        rotation=90.
        x = xmin-float(labelpad)/dpi
        y = 0.5
    elif axis.lower() == 'x':
        rotation = 0.
        x = 0.5
        y = ymin - float(labelpad)/dpi
    else:
        raise Exception("Unexpected axis: x or y")
    if label_prop is None: 
        label_prop = dict()
    pylab.text(x,y,label,rotation=rotation,
               transform=fig.transFigure,
               ha=ha,va=va,
               **label_prop)

答案 3 :(得分:8)

这是一个解决方案,您可以在其中设置其中一个图的ylabel并调整其位置,使其垂直居中。这样就可以避免KYC提到的问题。

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def set_shared_ylabel(a, ylabel, labelpad = 0.01):
    """Set a y label shared by multiple axes
    Parameters
    ----------
    a: list of axes
    ylabel: string
    labelpad: float
        Sets the padding between ticklabels and axis label"""

    f = a[0].get_figure()
    f.canvas.draw() #sets f.canvas.renderer needed below

    # get the center position for all plots
    top = a[0].get_position().y1
    bottom = a[-1].get_position().y0

    # get the coordinates of the left side of the tick labels 
    x0 = 1
    for at in a:
        at.set_ylabel('') # just to make sure we don't and up with multiple labels
        bboxes, _ = at.yaxis.get_ticklabel_extents(f.canvas.renderer)
        bboxes = bboxes.inverse_transformed(f.transFigure)
        xt = bboxes.x0
        if xt < x0:
            x0 = xt
    tick_label_left = x0

    # set position of label
    a[-1].set_ylabel(ylabel)
    a[-1].yaxis.set_label_coords(tick_label_left - labelpad,(bottom + top)/2, transform=f.transFigure)

length = 100
x = np.linspace(0,100, length)
y1 = np.random.random(length) * 1000
y2 = np.random.random(length)

f,a = plt.subplots(2, sharex=True, gridspec_kw={'hspace':0})
a[0].plot(x, y1)
a[1].plot(x, y2)
set_shared_ylabel(a, 'shared y label (a. u.)')

enter image description here

答案 4 :(得分:4)

# list loss and acc are your data
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(121)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(122)

ax1.plot(iteration1, loss)
ax2.plot(iteration2, acc)

ax1.set_title('Training Loss')
ax2.set_title('Training Accuracy')

ax1.set_xlabel('Iteration')
ax1.set_ylabel('Loss')

ax2.set_xlabel('Iteration')
ax2.set_ylabel('Accuracy')

答案 5 :(得分:0)

当yticks很大时,其他答案中的方法将无法正常工作。 ylabel可能会与刻度线重叠,被剪裁在左侧或完全不可见/在图形外部。

我已经修改了Hagne的答案,因此它适用于xlabel和ylabel的多列子图,并且可以移动图以使ylabel在图中可见。

def set_shared_ylabel(a, xlabel, ylabel, labelpad = 0.01, figleftpad=0.05):
    """Set a y label shared by multiple axes
    Parameters
    ----------
    a: list of axes
    ylabel: string
    labelpad: float
        Sets the padding between ticklabels and axis label"""

    f = a[0,0].get_figure()
    f.canvas.draw() #sets f.canvas.renderer needed below

    # get the center position for all plots
    top = a[0,0].get_position().y1
    bottom = a[-1,-1].get_position().y0

    # get the coordinates of the left side of the tick labels
    x0 = 1
    x1 = 1
    for at_row in a:
        at = at_row[0]
        at.set_ylabel('') # just to make sure we don't and up with multiple labels
        bboxes, _ = at.yaxis.get_ticklabel_extents(f.canvas.renderer)
        bboxes = bboxes.inverse_transformed(f.transFigure)
        xt = bboxes.x0
        if xt < x0:
            x0 = xt
            x1 = bboxes.x1
    tick_label_left = x0

    # shrink plot on left to prevent ylabel clipping
    # (x1 - tick_label_left) is the x coordinate of right end of tick label,
    # basically how much padding is needed to fit tick labels in the figure
    # figleftpad is additional padding to fit the ylabel
    plt.subplots_adjust(left=(x1 - tick_label_left) + figleftpad)

    # set position of label, 
    # note that (figleftpad-labelpad) refers to the middle of the ylabel
    a[-1,-1].set_ylabel(ylabel)
    a[-1,-1].yaxis.set_label_coords(figleftpad-labelpad,(bottom + top)/2, transform=f.transFigure)

    # set xlabel
    y0 = 1
    for at in axes[-1]:
        at.set_xlabel('')  # just to make sure we don't and up with multiple labels
        bboxes, _ = at.xaxis.get_ticklabel_extents(fig.canvas.renderer)
        bboxes = bboxes.inverse_transformed(fig.transFigure)
        yt = bboxes.y0
        if yt < y0:
            y0 = yt
    tick_label_bottom = y0

    axes[-1, -1].set_xlabel(xlabel)
    axes[-1, -1].xaxis.set_label_coords((left + right) / 2, tick_label_bottom - labelpad, transform=fig.transFigure)

它适用于以下示例,而Hagne的答案不会绘制ylabel(因为它在画布之外),而KYC的ylabel与勾号标签重叠:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import itertools

fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 4, sharey='row', sharex=True, squeeze=False)
fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=.5)
for i, a in enumerate(itertools.chain(*axes)):
    a.plot([0,4**i], [0,4**i])
    a.set_title(i)
set_shared_ylabel(axes, 'common X', 'common Y')
plt.show()

或者,如果您对无色轴没问题,我已经修改了朱利安·陈的解决方案,因此ylabel不会与刻度标签重叠。

基本上,我们只需要设置无色的ylim,使其与子图的最大ylim相匹配,这样无色的刻度标签就可以为ylabel设置正确的位置。

同样,我们必须缩小绘图以防止剪切。在这里,我已经对减少的金额进行了硬编码,但是您可以像上面的方法一样尝试找到适合自己的数字或进行计算。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import itertools

fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 4, sharey='row', sharex=True, squeeze=False)
fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=.5)
miny = maxy = 0
for i, a in enumerate(itertools.chain(*axes)):
    a.plot([0,4**i], [0,4**i])
    a.set_title(i)
    miny = min(miny, a.get_ylim()[0])
    maxy = max(maxy, a.get_ylim()[1])

# add a big axes, hide frame
# set ylim to match the largest range of any subplot
ax_invis = fig.add_subplot(111, frameon=False)
ax_invis.set_ylim([miny, maxy])

# hide tick and tick label of the big axis
plt.tick_params(labelcolor='none', top=False, bottom=False, left=False, right=False)
plt.xlabel("common X")
plt.ylabel("common Y")

# shrink plot to prevent clipping
plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.15)
plt.show()

答案 6 :(得分:0)

matplotlib 3.4.0 中的新功能

我们现在可以使用 supxlabelsupylabel 来设置通用的 xlabelylabel

  • 请注意,这些是 FigureBase 方法,因此它们可以与 FigureSubFigure 一起使用。

  • 要重现 OP 的 loglog 情节(通用标签但单独的标题):

    x = np.arange(0.01, 10.01, 0.01)
    y = 2 ** x
    
    fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(2, 1)
    ax1.loglog(y, x)
    ax2.loglog(x, y)
    
    # subplot titles
    ax1.set_title('ax1.title')
    ax2.set_title('ax2.title')
    
    # common labels
    fig.supxlabel('fig.supxlabel')
    fig.supylabel('fig.supylabel')
    
    plt.tight_layout()
    

    suplabel demo