我正在以这种方式执行命令：
var Command = new SqlCommand(cmdText, Connection, tr);
Command.ExecuteNonQuery();
在命令中有错误，但.NET不会抛出任何错误消息。我怎么知道命令没有正确执行，以及如何获得异常？
答案 0 :(得分：17)
.NET确实引发了错误消息... 如果严重性为16或更高（因为它抛出异常） - 消息将在异常.Message中。如果您使用RAISERROR严重性较低（或使用PRINT），则必须订阅InfoMessage event on the connection。
答案 1 :(得分：14)
如果您的错误严重性为16或更高，您将只在C＃中获得异常。如果您使用的是PRINT，则不会在.NET中出现异常。
如果您可以编辑raise错误代码，这将导致C＃中的SqlException：
RAISERROR('Some error message', 16, 1)
然后，您可以在SqlException.Errors集合中找到每个错误。
只是旁注 - 如果您之后没有RAISERROR，SQL Server将继续在RETURN之后运行命令。如果您不返回，则可能会收到多个错误。
答案 2 :(得分：1)
在ExecuteNonQuery中只会抛出高严重性错误。我用OdbcCommand.ExecuteNonQuery（）方法观察到另一种情况。对于SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery（）也可能是这样。如果CommandText属性中包含的SQL是单个语句（例如：INSERT INTO表（col1，col2）VALUES（2，'ABC'）;）以及上述语句中是否存在外键冲突或主键冲突ExecuteNonQuery会抛出异常。但是，如果您的CommandText是一个批处理，其中有多个SQL语句由分号分隔（如几个INSERTS或UPDATES），并且如果其中一个失败，则ExecuteNonQuery不会抛出异常。您需要显式检查方法返回的受影响的记录数。只需将代码放入try {} Catch {}就行了。
答案 3 :(得分：1)
我发现这在使用Oracle ODP.Net的WCF服务中对我来说很有效-
try
{
cmd.Connection = conn;
conn.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
catch (OracleException oex)
{
string errmsg = oex.Message;
Logger.Instance.WriteLog(@"Some error --> " + errmsg);
throw new Exception(errmsg);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
cleanup...
}
答案 4 :(得分：0)
尝试以下内容。
PS：仅仅因为你使用了一个事务，并不意味着你可以忽略处理异常和回滚。
public static void MessageEventHandler( object sender, SqlInfoMessageEventArgs e ) {
foreach( SqlError error in e.Errors ) {
Console.WriteLine("problem with sql: "+error);
throw new Exception("problem with sql: "+error);
}
}
public static int executeSQLUpdate(string database, string command) {
SqlConnection connection = null;
SqlCommand sqlcommand = null;
int rows = -1;
try {
connection = getConnection(database);
connection.InfoMessage += new SqlInfoMessageEventHandler( MessageEventHandler );
sqlcommand = connection.CreateCommand();
sqlcommand.CommandText = command;
connection.Open();
rows = sqlcommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
} catch(Exception e) {
Console.Write("executeSQLUpdate: problem with command:"+command+"e="+e);
Console.Out.Flush();
throw new Exception("executeSQLUpdate: problem with command:"+command,e);
} finally {
if(connection != null) { connection.Close(); }
}
return rows;
}
这是正确的交易处理：
//public static void ExecuteInTransaction(Subtext.Scripting.SqlScriptRunner srScriptRunner)
public override void ExecuteInTransaction(string strSQL)
{
System.Data.Odbc.OdbcTransaction trnTransaction = null;
try
{
System.Threading.Monitor.Enter(m_SqlConnection);
if (isDataBaseConnectionOpen() == false)
OpenSQLConnection();
trnTransaction = m_SqlConnection.BeginTransaction();
try
{
/*
foreach (Subtext.Scripting.Script scThisScript in srScriptRunner.ScriptCollection)
{
System.Data.Odbc.OdbcCommand cmd = new System.Data.Odbc.OdbcCommand(scThisScript.ScriptText, m_sqlConnection, trnTransaction);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
*/
// pfff, mono C# compiler problem...
// System.Data.Odbc.OdbcCommand cmd = new System.Data.Odbc.OdbcCommand(strSQL, m_SqlConnection, trnTransaction);
System.Data.Odbc.OdbcCommand cmd = this.m_SqlConnection.CreateCommand();
cmd.CommandText = strSQL;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
trnTransaction.Commit();
} // End Try
catch (System.Data.Odbc.OdbcException exSQLerror)
{
Log(strSQL);
Log(exSQLerror.Message);
Log(exSQLerror.StackTrace);
trnTransaction.Rollback();
} // End Catch
} // End Try
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log(strSQL);
Log(ex.Message);
Log(ex.StackTrace);
} // End Catch
finally
{
strSQL = null;
if(m_SqlConnection.State != System.Data.ConnectionState.Closed)
m_SqlConnection.Close();
System.Threading.Monitor.Exit(m_SqlConnection);
} // End Finally
} // End Sub ExecuteInTransaction
答案 5 :(得分：0)
受到M Hassan，Stefan Steiger和Mark Gravell在这个主题中的工作的启发，这里有一个最小的概念验证示例：
private static void DoSql()
{
// Errors of severity level of 10 or less
// will NOT bubble up to .Net as an Exception to be caught in the usual way
const string sql = @"RAISERROR('A test error message of low severity', 10, 1)";
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(myConnString))
{
conn.Open();
// Hook up my listener to the connection message generator
conn.InfoMessage += new SqlInfoMessageEventHandler(MySqlMessageHandler);
using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn))
{
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
// code happily carries on to this point
// despite the sql Level 10 error that happened above
}
}
}
private static void MySqlMessageHandler(object sender, SqlInfoMessageEventArgs e)
{
// This gets all the messages generated during the execution of the SQL,
// including low-severity error messages.
foreach (SqlError err in e.Errors)
{
// TODO: Something smarter than this for handling the messages
MessageBox.Show(err.Message);
}
}
答案 6 :(得分：0)
该命令执行完后，将此代码与try cath结合使用，返回错误：
SqlCommand.EndExecuteNonQuery(result)
这是我的完整课程代码：
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory
Class clsExecuteAsync
Public Event EnProceso(Identificador As Integer, Mensaje As String)
Public Event Finalizado(IDentificador As Integer, Mensaje As String)
Public Event CancelarProcesoEnEjecucion(Identificador As Integer, ByRef Cancel As Boolean)
Dim Cancelar As Boolean
Sub CancelarProceso()
Cancelar = True
End Sub
Function test() As Boolean
' This is a simple example that demonstrates the usage of the
' BeginExecuteNonQuery functionality.
' The WAITFOR statement simply adds enough time to prove the
' asynchronous nature of the command.
Dim commandText As String = "UPDATE Production.Product SET ReorderPoint = ReorderPoint + 1 " & "WHERE ReorderPoint Is Not Null;" & "WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:3';" & "UPDATE Production.Product SET ReorderPoint = ReorderPoint - 1 " & "WHERE ReorderPoint Is Not Null"
Return (RunCommandAsynchronously(0, commandText, GetConnectionString()))
Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to continue.")
Console.ReadLine()
End Function
Function ExecuteAsync(Identificador As Integer, Sql As String, Optional CadenaConexion As String = "") As String
If CadenaConexion = "" Then
CadenaConexion = clsIni.LeeIni("Provider")
End If
Return RunCommandAsynchronously(Identificador, Sql, CadenaConexion)
End Function
Function RunCommandAsynchronously(Identificador As Integer, commandText As String, connectionString As String) As String
' Given command text and connection string, asynchronously execute
' the specified command against the connection. For this example,
' the code displays an indicator as it is working, verifying the
' asynchronous behavior.
Dim Resultado As String = ""
Try
Dim connection As SqlConnection
Dim SqlCommand As SqlCommand
connection = New SqlConnection(connectionString)
Dim count As Integer = 0
'testint to catch the error, but not run for me
AddHandler connection.InfoMessage, AddressOf ErrorEnConexion
SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(commandText, connection)
connection.Open()
Dim result As IAsyncResult = SqlCommand.BeginExecuteNonQuery()
While Not result.IsCompleted
Console.WriteLine("Waiting ({0})", count = count + 1)
' Wait for 1/10 second, so the counter
' does not consume all available resources
' on the main thread.
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100)
RaiseEvent EnProceso(Identificador, commandText)
Application.DoEvents()
If Cancelar Then
Cancelar = False
'cancelar
Dim Cancel As Boolean = False
RaiseEvent CancelarProcesoEnEjecucion(Identificador, Cancel)
If Cancel = False Then
Resultado = "Cancelado"
GoTo SALIR
End If
End If
End While
'Console.WriteLine("Command complete. Affected {0} rows.", Command.EndExecuteNonQuery(Result))
' MsgBox("El comando se ejecutó. " & SqlCommand.EndExecuteNonQuery(result), MsgBoxStyle.Information)
'detect error: this code lunch and error: Cath with try cacth code
SqlCommand.EndExecuteNonQuery(result)
RaiseEvent Finalizado(Identificador, SqlCommand.EndExecuteNonQuery(result))
Resultado = "OK"
Catch ex As SqlException
Console.WriteLine("Error ({0}): {1}", ex.Number, ex.Message)
Resultado = ex.Message
Catch ex As InvalidOperationException
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message)
Resultado = ex.Message
Catch ex As Exception
' You might want to pass these errors
' back out to the caller.
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message)
Resultado = ex.Message
End Try
SALIR:
Return Resultado
End Function
Private Sub ErrorEnConexion(sender As Object, e As SqlInfoMessageEventArgs)
MsgBox(e.Message)
End Sub
Private Function GetConnectionString() As String
' To avoid storing the connection string in your code,
' you can retrieve it from a configuration file.
' If you have not included "Asynchronous Processing=true" in the
' connection string, the command is not able
' to execute asynchronously.
Return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=SSPI;" & "Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true"
End Function
End Class
答案 7 :(得分：-1)
使用try / catch
捕获SqlException try
{
//.......
Command.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
catch (SqlException ex)
{
log (SqlExceptionMessage(ex).ToString());
}
以下方法捕获可以记录或显示给用户的SqlException的详细信息
public StringBuilder SqlExceptionMessage(SqlException ex)
{
StringBuilder sqlErrorMessages = new StringBuilder("Sql Exception:\n");
foreach (SqlError error in ex.Errors)
{
sqlErrorMessages.AppendFormat("Mesage: {0}\n", error.Message)
.AppendFormat("Severity level: {0}\n", error.Class)
.AppendFormat("State: {0}\n", error.State)
.AppendFormat("Number: {0}\n", error.Number)
.AppendFormat("Procedure: {0}\n", error.Procedure)
.AppendFormat("Source: {0}\n", error.Source)
.AppendFormat("LineNumber: {0}\n", error.LineNumber)
.AppendFormat("Server: {0}\n", error.Server)
.AppendLine(new string('-',error.Message.Length+7));
}
return sqlErrorMessages;
}
生成的消息如下所示：
Sql Exception:
Mesage: Error converting data type nvarchar to datetime.
Severity level: 16
State: 5
Number: 8114
Procedure: Sales by Year
Source: .Net SqlClient Data Provider
LineNumber: 0
Server: myserver
-------------------------------------------------------