如何读写xml文件?

时间:2011-09-10 17:58:46

标签: java xml xml-parsing

我必须在XML文件中读写。使用Java读取和写入XML文件的最简单方法是什么?

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:122)

这是一个快速DOM示例,演示如何使用dtd读取和写入简单的xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE roles SYSTEM "roles.dtd">
<roles>
    <role1>User</role1>
    <role2>Author</role2>
    <role3>Admin</role3>
    <role4/>
</roles>

和dtd:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!ELEMENT roles (role1,role2,role3,role4)>
<!ELEMENT role1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT role2 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT role3 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT role4 (#PCDATA)>

首先导入这些:

import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import javax.xml.transform.*;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.*;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.*;
import org.xml.sax.*;
import org.w3c.dom.*;

以下是您需要的一些变量:

private String role1 = null;
private String role2 = null;
private String role3 = null;
private String role4 = null;
private ArrayList<String> rolev;

这是一个reader(String xml是你的xml文件的名称):

public boolean readXML(String xml) {
        rolev = new ArrayList<String>();
        Document dom;
        // Make an  instance of the DocumentBuilderFactory
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        try {
            // use the factory to take an instance of the document builder
            DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            // parse using the builder to get the DOM mapping of the    
            // XML file
            dom = db.parse(xml);

            Element doc = dom.getDocumentElement();

            role1 = getTextValue(role1, doc, "role1");
            if (role1 != null) {
                if (!role1.isEmpty())
                    rolev.add(role1);
            }
            role2 = getTextValue(role2, doc, "role2");
            if (role2 != null) {
                if (!role2.isEmpty())
                    rolev.add(role2);
            }
            role3 = getTextValue(role3, doc, "role3");
            if (role3 != null) {
                if (!role3.isEmpty())
                    rolev.add(role3);
            }
            role4 = getTextValue(role4, doc, "role4");
            if ( role4 != null) {
                if (!role4.isEmpty())
                    rolev.add(role4);
            }
            return true;

        } catch (ParserConfigurationException pce) {
            System.out.println(pce.getMessage());
        } catch (SAXException se) {
            System.out.println(se.getMessage());
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            System.err.println(ioe.getMessage());
        }

        return false;
    }

这是一位作家:

public void saveToXML(String xml) {
    Document dom;
    Element e = null;

    // instance of a DocumentBuilderFactory
    DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    try {
        // use factory to get an instance of document builder
        DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
        // create instance of DOM
        dom = db.newDocument();

        // create the root element
        Element rootEle = dom.createElement("roles");

        // create data elements and place them under root
        e = dom.createElement("role1");
        e.appendChild(dom.createTextNode(role1));
        rootEle.appendChild(e);

        e = dom.createElement("role2");
        e.appendChild(dom.createTextNode(role2));
        rootEle.appendChild(e);

        e = dom.createElement("role3");
        e.appendChild(dom.createTextNode(role3));
        rootEle.appendChild(e);

        e = dom.createElement("role4");
        e.appendChild(dom.createTextNode(role4));
        rootEle.appendChild(e);

        dom.appendChild(rootEle);

        try {
            Transformer tr = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
            tr.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
            tr.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.METHOD, "xml");
            tr.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "UTF-8");
            tr.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.DOCTYPE_SYSTEM, "roles.dtd");
            tr.setOutputProperty("{http://xml.apache.org/xslt}indent-amount", "4");

            // send DOM to file
            tr.transform(new DOMSource(dom), 
                                 new StreamResult(new FileOutputStream(xml)));

        } catch (TransformerException te) {
            System.out.println(te.getMessage());
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            System.out.println(ioe.getMessage());
        }
    } catch (ParserConfigurationException pce) {
        System.out.println("UsersXML: Error trying to instantiate DocumentBuilder " + pce);
    }
}

getTextValue在这里:

private String getTextValue(String def, Element doc, String tag) {
    String value = def;
    NodeList nl;
    nl = doc.getElementsByTagName(tag);
    if (nl.getLength() > 0 && nl.item(0).hasChildNodes()) {
        value = nl.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();
    }
    return value;
}

添加一些访问者和变异器,你就完成了!

答案 1 :(得分:11)

使用JAXB编写XML(用于XML绑定的Java体系结构):

http://www.mkyong.com/java/jaxb-hello-world-example/

package com.mkyong.core;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;

@XmlRootElement
public class Customer {

    String name;
    int age;
    int id;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    @XmlElement
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    @XmlElement
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    @XmlAttribute
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

} 

package com.mkyong.core;

import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller;

public class JAXBExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

      Customer customer = new Customer();
      customer.setId(100);
      customer.setName("mkyong");
      customer.setAge(29);

      try {

        File file = new File("C:\\file.xml");
        JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(Customer.class);
        Marshaller jaxbMarshaller = jaxbContext.createMarshaller();

        // output pretty printed
        jaxbMarshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true);

        jaxbMarshaller.marshal(customer, file);
        jaxbMarshaller.marshal(customer, System.out);

          } catch (JAXBException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
          }

    }
}

答案 2 :(得分:10)

上面的答案只涉及DOM解析器(通常在内存中读取整个文件并解析它,大文件的问题是什么),你可以使用SAX解析器,它使用更少的内存并且速度更快(无论如何取决于你的代码。)

SAX解析器在找到元素的开头,元素的结尾,属性,元素之间的文本等时回调一些函数,所以它可以解析文档,同时你 得到你需要的东西。

一些示例代码:

http://www.mkyong.com/java/how-to-read-xml-file-in-java-sax-parser/

答案 3 :(得分:3)

答案仅涵盖DOM / SAX和JAXB示例的复制粘贴实现。

但是,缺少使用XML时的一个重要方面。在许多项目/程序中,需要存储/检索一些基本数据结构。你的程序已经有了一个适合你漂亮而有光泽的业务对象/数据结构的类,你只需要一种舒适的方法将这些数据转换为XML结构,这样你就可以在它上面做更多的魔术(使用XSLT存储,加载,发送,操作)

这是XStream闪耀的地方。您只需注释包含数据的类,或者如果您不想更改这些类,则可以为编组(对象 - > xml)或解组(xml - &gt;对象)配置XStream实例。

内部XStream使用反射,标准Java对象序列化的readObject和readResolve方法。

你得到一本好的,快速的教程here

为了简要概述它的工作原理,我还提供了一些示例代码,用于编组和解组数据结构。 编组/解组发生在main方法中,其余只是生成一些测试对象并向其填充一些数据的代码。 配置xStream实例非常简单,编组/解组由每行代码完成。

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;

public class XStreamIsGreat {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    XStream xStream = new XStream();
    xStream.alias("good", Good.class);
    xStream.alias("pRoDuCeR", Producer.class);
    xStream.alias("customer", Customer.class);

    Producer a = new Producer("Apple");
    Producer s = new Producer("Samsung");
    Customer c = new Customer("Someone").add(new Good("S4", 10, new BigDecimal(600), s))
        .add(new Good("S4 mini", 5, new BigDecimal(450), s)).add(new Good("I5S", 3, new BigDecimal(875), a));
    String xml = xStream.toXML(c); // objects -> xml
    System.out.println("Marshalled:\n" + xml);
    Customer unmarshalledCustomer = (Customer)xStream.fromXML(xml); // xml -> objects
  }

  static class Good {
    Producer producer;

    String name;

    int quantity;

    BigDecimal price;

    Good(String name, int quantity, BigDecimal price, Producer p) {
      this.producer = p;
      this.name = name;
      this.quantity = quantity;
      this.price = price;
    }

  }

  static class Producer {
    String name;

    public Producer(String name) {
      this.name = name;
    }
  }

  static class Customer {
    String name;

    public Customer(String name) {
      this.name = name;
    }

    List<Good> stock = new ArrayList<Good>();

    Customer add(Good g) {
      stock.add(g);
      return this;
    }
  }
}

答案 4 :(得分:1)

好的,已经在答案列表中使用DOM,JaxB和XStream,仍然有一种完全不同的方式来读写XML:Data projection您可以使用库来分离XML结构和Java结构它将XML数据的可读和可写视图作为Java接口提供。来自tutorials

鉴于一些真实世界的XML:

<weatherdata>
  <weather
    ... 
    degreetype="F"
    lat="50.5520210266113" lon="6.24060010910034" 
    searchlocation="Monschau, Stadt Aachen, NW, Germany" 
            ... >
    <current ... skytext="Clear" temperature="46"/>
  </weather>
</weatherdata>

使用数据投影,您可以定义投影界面:

public interface WeatherData {

@XBRead("/weatherdata/weather/@searchlocation")   
String getLocation();

@XBRead("/weatherdata/weather/current/@temperature")
int getTemperature();

@XBRead("/weatherdata/weather/@degreetype")
String getDegreeType();

@XBRead("/weatherdata/weather/current/@skytext")
String getSkytext();

/**
 * This would be our "sub projection". A structure grouping two attribute
 * values in one object.
 */
interface Coordinates {
    @XBRead("@lon")
    double getLongitude();

    @XBRead("@lat")
    double getLatitude();
}

@XBRead("/weatherdata/weather")
Coordinates getCoordinates();
}

使用此接口的实例就像POJO一样:

private void printWeatherData(String location) throws IOException {

final String BaseURL = "http://weather.service.msn.com/find.aspx?outputview=search&weasearchstr=";

// We let the projector fetch the data for us
WeatherData weatherData = new XBProjector().io().url(BaseURL + location).read(WeatherData.class);

// Print some values
System.out.println("The weather in " + weatherData.getLocation() + ":");
System.out.println(weatherData.getSkytext());
System.out.println("Temperature: " + weatherData.getTemperature() + "°"
                                   + weatherData.getDegreeType());

// Access our sub projection
Coordinates coordinates = weatherData.getCoordinates();
System.out.println("The place is located at " + coordinates.getLatitude() + ","
                                              + coordinates.getLongitude());
}

这甚至可以用于创建XML,XPath表达式可以写入。

答案 5 :(得分:0)

SAX解析器与DOM解析器的工作方式不同,它既不会将任何XML文档加载到内存中,也不会创建XML文档的任何对象表示。相反,SAX解析器使用回调函数org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler来通知客户端XML文档结构。

SAX解析器比DOM解析器更快并且使用更少的内存。 请参阅以下SAX回调方法:

startDocument()endDocument() - 在XML文档的开头和结尾调用的方法。 startElement()endElement() - 在文档元素的开头和结尾调用的方法。 characters() - 使用XML文档元素的开始和结束标记之间的文本内容调用的方法。

  1. XML文件
  2. 创建一个简单的XML文件。

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <company>
        <staff>
            <firstname>yong</firstname>
            <lastname>mook kim</lastname>
            <nickname>mkyong</nickname>
            <salary>100000</salary>
        </staff>
        <staff>
            <firstname>low</firstname>
            <lastname>yin fong</lastname>
            <nickname>fong fong</nickname>
            <salary>200000</salary>
        </staff>
    </company>
    
    1. XML解析器:
    2. Java文件使用SAX解析器来解析XML文件。

      import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
      import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
      import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
      import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
      import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
      
      public class ReadXMLFile {
          public static void main(String argv[]) {
      
              try {
                  SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
                  SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
      
                  DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() {
                      boolean bfname = false;
                      boolean blname = false;
                      boolean bnname = false;
                      boolean bsalary = false;
      
                      public void startElement(String uri, String localName,String qName, 
                                  Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
      
                          System.out.println("Start Element :" + qName);
      
                          if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("FIRSTNAME")) {
                              bfname = true;
                          }
      
                          if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("LASTNAME")) {
                              blname = true;
                          }
      
                          if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("NICKNAME")) {
                              bnname = true;
                          }
      
                          if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("SALARY")) {
                              bsalary = true;
                          }
      
                      }
      
                      public void endElement(String uri, String localName,
                          String qName) throws SAXException {
      
                          System.out.println("End Element :" + qName);
      
                      }
      
                      public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException {
      
                          if (bfname) {
                              System.out.println("First Name : " + new String(ch, start, length));
                              bfname = false;
                          }
      
                          if (blname) {
                              System.out.println("Last Name : " + new String(ch, start, length));
                              blname = false;
                          }
      
                          if (bnname) {
                              System.out.println("Nick Name : " + new String(ch, start, length));
                              bnname = false;
                          }
      
                          if (bsalary) {
                              System.out.println("Salary : " + new String(ch, start, length));
                              bsalary = false;
                          }
      
                      }
      
                  };
      
                  saxParser.parse("c:\\file.xml", handler);
      
              } catch (Exception e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
              }
      
          }
      
      }
      

      结果

      Start Element:公司
      开始元素:员工
      开始元素:名字
      名字:yong
      结束元素:名字
      起始元素:姓氏
      姓氏:mook kim
      结束元素:姓氏
      开始元素:昵称
      尼克姓名:mkyong
      结尾元素:昵称
      等等...

      来源(MyKong) - http://www.mkyong.com/java/how-to-read-xml-file-in-java-sax-parser/

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