Question

这是一个坏主意，我知道，但...... 我想从头开始以编程方式配置log4net，没有配置文件。我正在为我和我的团队开发一个简单的日志记录应用程序，用于我们负责的一些相对较小的部门应用程序。我希望他们都登录到同一个数据库。日志记录应用程序只是log4net的一个包装器，预先配置了AdoNetAppender。

所有应用程序都是ClickOnce部署的，这对部署配置文件提出了一个小问题。如果配置文件是核心项目的一部分，我可以设置其属性以使用程序集进行部署。但它是链接应用程序的一部分，因此我无法选择将其与主应用程序一起部署。（如果那不是真的，有人请告诉我。）

可能因为这是一个坏主意，似乎没有太多示例代码可用于从头开始以编程方式配置log4net。这是我到目前为止所拥有的。

Dim apndr As New AdoNetAppender()
apndr.CommandText = "INSERT INTO LOG_ENTRY (LOG_DTM, LOG_LEVEL, LOGGER, MESSAGE, PROGRAM, USER_ID, MACHINE, EXCEPTION) VALUES (@log_date, @log_level, @logger, @message, @program, @user, @machine, @exception)"
apndr.ConnectionString = connectionString
apndr.ConnectionType = "System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection, System.Data, Version=1.0.3300.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"
apndr.CommandType = CommandType.Text
Dim logDate As New AdoNetAppenderParameter()
logDate.ParameterName = "@log_date"
logDate.DbType = DbType.DateTime
logDate.Layout = New RawTimeStampLayout()
apndr.AddParameter(logDate)
Dim logLevel As New AdoNetAppenderParameter()
logLevel.ParameterName = "@log_level"
'And so forth...

配置apndr的所有参数后，我首先尝试了这个......

Dim hier As Hierarchy = DirectCast(LogManager.GetRepository(), Hierarchy)
hier.Root.AddAppender(apndr)

它不起作用。然后，在黑暗中拍摄，我尝试了这个。

BasicConfigurator.Configure(apndr)

这也不起作用。有没有人对如何在没有配置文件的情况下从头编程配置log4net有任何好的参考？

Answer 1

这是一个在代码中完全创建log4net配置的示例类。我应该提一下，通过静态方法创建一个记录器通常被认为是坏的，但在我的上下文中，这就是我想要的。无论如何，您可以分割代码以满足您的需求。

using log4net;
using log4net.Repository.Hierarchy;
using log4net.Core;
using log4net.Appender;
using log4net.Layout;

namespace dnservices.logging
{
public class Logger
{
    private PatternLayout _layout = new PatternLayout();
    private const string LOG_PATTERN = "%d [%t] %-5p %m%n";

    public string DefaultPattern
    {
        get { return LOG_PATTERN; }
    }

    public Logger()
    {
        _layout.ConversionPattern = DefaultPattern;
        _layout.ActivateOptions();
    }

    public PatternLayout DefaultLayout
    {
        get { return _layout; }
    }

    public void AddAppender(IAppender appender)
    {
        Hierarchy hierarchy = 
            (Hierarchy)LogManager.GetRepository();

        hierarchy.Root.AddAppender(appender);
    }

    static Logger()
    {
        Hierarchy hierarchy = (Hierarchy)LogManager.GetRepository();
        TraceAppender tracer = new TraceAppender();
        PatternLayout patternLayout = new PatternLayout();

        patternLayout.ConversionPattern = LOG_PATTERN;
        patternLayout.ActivateOptions();

        tracer.Layout = patternLayout;
        tracer.ActivateOptions();
        hierarchy.Root.AddAppender(tracer);

        RollingFileAppender roller = new RollingFileAppender();
        roller.Layout = patternLayout;
        roller.AppendToFile = true;
        roller.RollingStyle = RollingFileAppender.RollingMode.Size;
        roller.MaxSizeRollBackups = 4;
        roller.MaximumFileSize = "100KB";
        roller.StaticLogFileName = true;
        roller.File = "dnservices.txt";
        roller.ActivateOptions();
        hierarchy.Root.AddAppender(roller);

        hierarchy.Root.Level = Level.All;
        hierarchy.Configured = true;
    }

    public static ILog Create()
    {
        return LogManager.GetLogger("dnservices");
    }
}

}

Answer 2

我过去做过这种方式的一种方法是将配置文件包含为嵌入式资源，并使用log4net.Config.Configure(Stream)。

这样，我可以使用我熟悉的配置语法，而不必担心部署文件。

Answer 3

更简洁的解决方案：

var layout = new PatternLayout("%-4timestamp [%thread] %-5level %logger %ndc - %message%newline");
var appender = new RollingFileAppender {
    File = "my.log",
    Layout = layout
};
layout.ActivateOptions();
appender.ActivateOptions();
BasicConfigurator.Configure(appender);

不要忘记致电ActivateOptions方法：

在设置配置属性后，必须在此对象上调用ActivateOptions方法。在调用ActivateOptions之前，此对象处于未定义状态，不得使用。

Answer 4

正如Jonathan所说，使用资源是一个很好的解决方案。

这有点限制，因为嵌入式资源内容将在编译时修复。我有一个日志组件，它使用基本的Log4Net配置生成一个XmlDocument，使用定义为appSettings的变量（例如，RollingFileAppender的文件名，默认日志记录级别，如果你想使用AdoNetAppender，可能是连接字符串名称）。然后我调用log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure使用生成的XmlDocument的根元素配置Log4Net。

然后，管理员可以通过修改一些appSettings（通常是level，filename，...）来自定义“标准”配置，或者可以指定外部配置文件以获得更多控制。

Answer 5

我无法在问题的代码片段中说出“'等等......”包含非常重要的apndr.ActivateOptions（），这在Todd Stout的回答中有说明。如果没有ActivateOptions（），Appender将处于非活动状态，并且不会做任何可以解释失败原因的事情。

Answer 6

派对有点晚了。但这是一个适合我的最小配置。

示例类

public class Bar
{
    private readonly ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(Bar));
    public void DoBar() { log.Info("Logged"); }
}

最小的log4net跟踪配置（在NUnit测试中）

[Test]
public void Foo()
{
    var tracer = new TraceAppender();
    var hierarchy = (Hierarchy)LogManager.GetRepository();
    hierarchy.Root.AddAppender(tracer);
    var patternLayout = new PatternLayout {ConversionPattern = "%m%n"};
    tracer.Layout = patternLayout;
    hierarchy.Configured = true;

    var bar = new Bar();
    bar.DoBar();
}

打印到跟踪侦听器

Namespace+Bar: Logged

Answer 7

Dr. Netjes用于以编程方式设置connectionstring：

// Get the Hierarchy object that organizes the loggers
log4net.Repository.Hierarchy.Hierarchy hier = 
  log4net.LogManager.GetLoggerRepository() as log4net.Repository.Hierarchy.Hierarchy;

if (hier != null)
{
  //get ADONetAppender
  log4net.Appender.ADONetAppender adoAppender = 
    (log4net.Appender.ADONetAppender)hier.GetLogger("MyProject",
      hier.LoggerFactory).GetAppender("ADONetAppender");
  if (adoAppender != null)
  {
    adoAppender.ConnectionString =
      System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["MyConnectionString"];
    adoAppender.ActivateOptions(); //refresh settings of appender
  }
}

Answer 8

//我已将三个配置文件嵌入为嵌入式资源，并按如下方式访问它们：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Resources;
using System.IO;

namespace Loader
{
  class Program
  {
    private static log4net.ILog CustomerLog = log4net.LogManager.GetLogger("CustomerLogging");
    private static log4net.ILog OrderLog = log4net.LogManager.GetLogger("OrderLogging");
    private static log4net.ILog DetailsLog = log4net.LogManager.GetLogger("OrderDetailLogging");


    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      // array of embedded log4net config files
      string[] configs = { "Customer.config", "Order.config", "Detail.config"};

      foreach (var config in configs)
      {
        // build path to assembly config
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.Append(System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Name);
        sb.Append(".");
        sb.Append(config);

        // convert to a stream
        Stream configStream = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetManifestResourceStream(sb.ToString());

        // configure logger with ocnfig stream
        log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure(configStream);

        // test logging
        CustomerLog.Info("Begin logging with: " + config);
        OrderLog.Info("Begin logging with: " + config);
        DetailsLog.Info("Begin logging with: " + config);
        for (int iX = 0; iX < 10; iX++)
        {
          CustomerLog.Info("iX=" + iX);
          OrderLog.Info("iX=" + iX);
          DetailsLog.Info("iX=" + iX);
        }
        CustomerLog.Info("Ending logging with: " + config);
        OrderLog.Info("Ending logging with: " + config);
        DetailsLog.Info("Ending logging with: " + config);
      }

    }
  }
}

Answer 9

BasicConfigurator.Configure(apndr)没有用，这很奇怪。在我的情况下它完成了它的工作...但是，无论如何，这里是答案 - 你应该在完成所有设置之后写hier.Configured = true;（c＃代码）。

Answer 10

我最终使用了这个：

http://www.mikebevers.be/blog/2010/09/log4net-custom-adonetappender/

4小时后摆弄配置并逐渐变得更加沮丧。

希望它有所帮助。

Answer 11

这里是一个关于如何在完全没有任何AdoNetAdapter文件的情况下完全在代码中创建和使用App.config的坚果示例（甚至不是{{1} }}）。来吧，删除它！

这具有额外的好处，即能够抵御new naming conventions下的更新，其中程序集名称现在反映了版本。（Common.Logging等）

[SQL]

Common.Logging.Log4Net1213

[主要]

CREATE TABLE [Log](
  [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
  [Date] [datetime] NOT NULL,
  [Thread] [varchar](255) NOT NULL,
  [Level] [varchar](20) NOT NULL,
  [Source] [varchar](255) NOT NULL,
  [Message] [varchar](max) NOT NULL,
  [Exception] [varchar](max) NOT NULL
)

[DbAppender]

Imports log4net
Imports log4net.Core
Imports log4net.Layout
Imports log4net.Config
Imports log4net.Appender

Module Main
  Sub Main()
    Dim oLogger As ILog
    Dim sInput As String
    Dim iOops As Integer

    BasicConfigurator.Configure(New DbAppender)
    oLogger = LogManager.GetLogger(GetType(Main))

    Console.Write("Command: ")

    Do
      Try
        sInput = Console.ReadLine.Trim

        Select Case sInput.ToUpper
          Case "QUIT" : Exit Do
          Case "OOPS" : iOops = String.Empty
          Case Else : oLogger.Info(sInput)
        End Select

      Catch ex As Exception
        oLogger.Error(ex.Message, ex)

      End Try

      Console.Clear()
      Console.Write("Command: ")
    Loop
  End Sub
End Module

[的DbParameter]

Imports log4net
Imports log4net.Core
Imports log4net.Layout
Imports log4net.Appender
Imports log4net.Repository.Hierarchy

Public Class DbAppender
  Inherits AdoNetAppender

  Public Sub New()
    MyBase.BufferSize = 1
    MyBase.CommandText = Me.CommandText

    Me.Parameters.ForEach(Sub(Parameter As DbParameter)
                            MyBase.AddParameter(Parameter)
                          End Sub)

    Me.ActivateOptions()
  End Sub



  Protected Overrides Function CreateConnection(ConnectionType As Type, ConnectionString As String) As IDbConnection
    Return MyBase.CreateConnection(GetType(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection), "Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=Logger;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=username;Password=password")
  End Function



  Private Overloads ReadOnly Property CommandText As String
    Get
      Dim _
        sColumns,
        sValues As String

      sColumns = Join(Me.Parameters.Select(Function(P As DbParameter) P.DbColumn).ToArray, ",")
      sValues = Join(Me.Parameters.Select(Function(P As DbParameter) P.ParameterName).ToArray, ",")

      Return String.Format(COMMAND_TEXT, sColumns, sValues)
    End Get
  End Property



  Private ReadOnly Property Parameters As List(Of DbParameter)
    Get
      Parameters = New List(Of DbParameter)
      Parameters.Add(Me.LogDate)
      Parameters.Add(Me.Thread)
      Parameters.Add(Me.Level)
      Parameters.Add(Me.Source)
      Parameters.Add(Me.Message)
      Parameters.Add(Me.Exception)
    End Get
  End Property



  Private ReadOnly Property LogDate As DbParameter
    Get
      Return New DbParameter("Date", DbType.Date, 0, New DbPatternLayout("%date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff}"))
    End Get
  End Property



  Private ReadOnly Property Thread As DbParameter
    Get
      Return New DbParameter("Thread", DbType.String, 255, New DbPatternLayout("%thread"))
    End Get
  End Property



  Private ReadOnly Property Level As DbParameter
    Get
      Return New DbParameter("Level", DbType.String, 50, New DbPatternLayout("%level"))
    End Get
  End Property



  Private ReadOnly Property Source As DbParameter
    Get
      Return New DbParameter("Source", DbType.String, 255, New DbPatternLayout("%logger.%M()"))
    End Get
  End Property



  Private ReadOnly Property Message As DbParameter
    Get
      Return New DbParameter("Message", DbType.String, 4000, New DbPatternLayout("%message"))
    End Get
  End Property



  Private ReadOnly Property Exception As DbParameter
    Get
      Return New DbParameter("Exception", DbType.String, 2000, New DbExceptionLayout)
    End Get
  End Property



  Private Const COMMAND_TEXT As String = "INSERT INTO Log ({0}) VALUES ({1})"
End Class

[DbPatternLayout]

Imports log4net
Imports log4net.Core
Imports log4net.Layout
Imports log4net.Appender
Imports log4net.Repository.Hierarchy

Public Class DbParameter
  Inherits AdoNetAppenderParameter

  Private ReadOnly Name As String

  Public Sub New(Name As String, Type As DbType, Size As Integer, Layout As ILayout)
    With New RawLayoutConverter
      Me.Layout = .ConvertFrom(Layout)
    End With

    Me.Name = Name.Replace("@", String.Empty)
    Me.ParameterName = String.Format("@{0}", Me.Name)
    Me.DbType = Type
    Me.Size = Size
  End Sub



  Public ReadOnly Property DbColumn As String
    Get
      Return String.Format("[{0}]", Me.Name)
    End Get
  End Property
End Class

[DbExceptionLayout]

Imports log4net
Imports log4net.Core
Imports log4net.Layout
Imports log4net.Appender
Imports log4net.Repository.Hierarchy

Public Class DbPatternLayout
  Inherits PatternLayout

  Public Sub New(Pattern As String)
    Me.ConversionPattern = Pattern
    Me.ActivateOptions()
  End Sub
End Class

如何从头开始以编程方式配置log4net（无配置）

11 个答案: