如何编写接受无限参数的函数?

时间:2012-01-27 21:57:34

标签: c++ function variables parameters arguments

我只能找到一种方式来使函数获取可变数量的参数。
就是这样:

#include <iostream>
#include <stdarg.h>

using namespace std;

void Print(int argumentAmount, ... );

int main()
{
    Print(5,11,22,33,44,55);
}

void Print(int argumentAmount, ... ){

    va_list arguments; 
    va_start(arguments, argumentAmount);

    int parameter;
    for(int i = 0; i < argumentAmount; ++i ){
        parameter = va_arg(arguments, int);
        cout << parameter << endl;
    }

    va_end(arguments);
    return;
}

2个问题:
1。)我必须指定我发送的参数数量 - 不理想 2。)我无法弄清楚如何修改它以便输出字符串。

这样的事情可以在不必多次重载函数的情况下实现:

void Output(/*not sure how this would look*/);

int main(){

    Output("hello","world");
    Output("this","is","a","test");
    Output("As","many","strings","as","you","want","may","be","passed","in");

    return 0;
}
void Output(/*not sure how this would look*/){

    //loop through each string passed in and output it
}

这个怎么样:

void Capitalize(/*all passed by reference*/);

int main(){

    string s1 = "hello";
    string s2 = "world";

    string s3 = "this";
    string s4 = "is";
    string s5 = "a";
    string s6 = "test";

    string s7 = "as";
    string s8 = "many";
    string s9 = "strings";
    string s10 = "as";
    string s11 = "you";
    string s12 = "want";

    Capitalize(s1,s2);
    Capitalize(s3,s4,s5,s6);
    Capitalize(s7,s8,s9,s10,s11,s12);

    return 0;
}
void Capitalize(/*all passed by reference*/){

    //capitalize each string passed in

}

我能想到的只有:
- 多次重载功能
- 该函数接受某种类型的容器而不是

如果这是 NOT POSSIBLE ,有人可以解释为什么编译器无法完成这样的任务。

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:40)

使用C ++ 11中的可变参数模板,您可以执行以下操作(请参阅the result at ideone

#include <string>
#include <iostream>

void Output() {
    std::cout<<std::endl;
}

template<typename First, typename ... Strings>
void Output(First arg, const Strings&... rest) {
    std::cout<<arg<<" ";
    Output(rest...);
}

int main() {
    Output("I","am","a","sentence");
    Output("Let's","try",1,"or",2,"digits");
    return 0;
}

答案 1 :(得分:12)

快速简单的回答。

对于C ++,您需要指定参数的数量或指定参数结束的sentinel值。

你的第一个例子是计算计数的一个很好的例子,你也可以这样做:

void Print(const char *arg, ... ){
    va_list arguments;

    for (va_start(arguments, arg); arg != NULL; arg = va_arg(arguments, const char *)) {
        cout << arg << endl;
    }

    va_end(arguments);
}

你的召集惯例是:

Print("foo","bar",NULL);

如果你想把它提升到一个新的水平,你可以混合一点C预处理器并做:

#define mPrint(...) Print(__VA_ARGS__, NULL)

现在你可以说:

mPrint("fooo","bar");

宏将NULL终止呼叫。

答案 2 :(得分:6)

您可以使用特殊的“尾随”参数(nullptr或指向某些硬编码“魔术”字符串的指针)而不是传递计数,并且您的变量参数函数应该停止提取更多参数一旦他们看到尾随的一个。这可以简化您的编码。

您还可以将指针(引用)传递给包含(或指向/引用)字符串的容器。任何能以某种方式链接你所有个人论点的东西都会做(例如矢量)。

示例(可能不是非常惯用,但应作为说明):

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cctype>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

void AntiCapitalize(vector<string*>& v);
void Capitalize(string* s, ...);
void Print(string* s, ...);

int main()
{
    string s1 = "hello";
    string s2 = "world";

    string s3 = "this";
    string s4 = "is";
    string s5 = "a";
    string s6 = "test";

    string s7 = "as";
    string s8 = "many";
    string s9 = "strings";
    string s10 = "as";
    string s11 = "you";
    string s12 = "want";

    Capitalize(&s1, &s2, 0);
    Capitalize(&s3, &s4, &s5, &s6, 0);
    Capitalize(&s7, &s8, &s9, &s10, &s11, &s12, 0);

    Print(&s1, &s2, 0);
    Print(&s3, &s4, &s5, &s6, 0);
    Print(&s7, &s8, &s9, &s10, &s11, &s12, 0);

    vector<string*> v;
    v.push_back(&s1);
    v.push_back(&s2);
    v.push_back(&s3);
    v.push_back(&s4);
    v.push_back(&s5);
    v.push_back(&s6);
    v.push_back(&s7);
    v.push_back(&s8);
    v.push_back(&s9);
    v.push_back(&s10);
    v.push_back(&s11);
    v.push_back(&s12);

    AntiCapitalize(v);

    Print(&s1, &s2, 0);
    Print(&s3, &s4, &s5, &s6, 0);
    Print(&s7, &s8, &s9, &s10, &s11, &s12, 0);

    return 0;
}

void Capitalize(string* s, ...)
{
    va_list ap;

    va_start(ap, s);

    while (s)
    {
        string::size_type i = 0;

        while ((*s)[i] != '\0')
        {
            (*s)[i] = toupper((*s)[i]);
            i++;
        }

        s = va_arg(ap, string*);
    }

    va_end(ap);
}

void Print(string* s, ...)
{
    va_list ap;

    va_start(ap, s);

    while (s)
    {
        cout << *s << endl;
        s = va_arg(ap, string*);
    }

    va_end(ap);
}

void AntiCapitalize(vector<string*>& v)
{
    vector<string*>::iterator it;

    for (it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
    {
        string::size_type i = 0;

        while ((**it)[i] != '\0')
        {
            (**it)[i] = tolower((**it)[i]);
            i++;
        }
    }
}

输出:

HELLO
WORLD
THIS
IS
A
TEST
AS
MANY
STRINGS
AS
YOU
WANT
hello
world
this
is
a
test
as
many
strings
as
you
want

答案 3 :(得分:2)

我认为还有另一种可能的解决方案: 您可以重载运算符'&lt;&lt;'像这样:

class OutputObject {
public:
    // Some class functions/members

};
template<class T>
static operator << (OutputObject& out, T temp) {
    cout << temp;
}
static OutputObject Obj = OutputObject();

然后您可以在主要内容中执行以下操作:

#include "OutputObject.hpp"
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(void) {
    string str = "Hello World";
    Obj << 12 << str << 3.14f << "C++";
    Obj << 12;
    Obj << str;
    return(0);
};

如果我做错了或者有理由不这样做请 告诉我,那只是我对无限参数的看法。 我还没能测试它,但我认为它应该可行。