Ruby - method_missing

时间:2012-03-11 01:16:43

标签: ruby metaprogramming method-missing

我正在尝试实现一个用于将$转换为其他货币的method_missing,就像5.dollars产生5,5.yen将产生0.065 5.euro 6.56等等。我现在可以做。现在我需要实现它,但是例如5.dollars.in(:yen)。

这就是我现在所拥有的:

class Numeric
  @@currencies = {'yen' => 0.013, 'euro' => 1.292, 'rupee' => 0.019}
  def method_missing(method_id)
    singular_currency = method_id.to_s.gsub( /s$/, '')
    if @@currencies.has_key?(singular_currency)
      self * @@currencies[singular_currency]
    else
      super
    end
  end
end

任何人都可以解释我是如何做到这一点的吗?

PS:我宁愿你不给我代码,而是解释,所以我可以自己确定它是如何完成的。

9 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:10)

在方法中添加货币'美元'和

class Numeric
  @@currencies = {'dollar' => 1, 'yen' => 0.013, 'euro' => 1.292, 'rupee' => 0.019}
  def method_missing(method_id)
    singular_currency = method_id.to_s.gsub(/s$/, '')
    if @@currencies.has_key?(singular_currency)
      self * @@currencies[singular_currency]
    else
      super
    end
  end

  def in(currency)
    singular_currency = currency.to_s.gsub(/s$/, '')
    self / @@currencies[singular_currency]
  end
end

答案 1 :(得分:4)

也许这会有更多的帮助。这是一个有效的例子(注意,我希望你有ActiveSupport [Rails的一部分]和Ruby 1.9.2 +):

require 'rubygems'

# This is allowing us to do the `pluralize` calls below
require 'active_support/inflector'

module Currency
  CONVERSION_TABLE = { dollars: { dollars: 1, euros: 0.75 }, euros: { dollars: 1.3333334, euros: 1 } }.freeze
  attr_accessor :currency

  def method_missing(method_name, *args, &block)
    # standardize on pluralized currency names internally so both singular
    # and plural methods are handled
    method_name = method_name.to_s.pluralize.to_sym

    # Use the "from" keys in the conversion table to verify this is a valid 
    # source currency
    if CONVERSION_TABLE.key?(method_name)
      @currency = method_name
      self # return self so a call to `1.dollar` returns `1` and not `:dollars`
    else
      super
    end
  end

  # Convert `self` from type of `@currency` to type of `destination_currency`, mark the result with
  # the appropriate currency type, and return. Example:
  def to(destination_currency)
    # Again, standardize on plural currency names internally
    destination_currency = destination_currency.to_s.pluralize.to_sym

    # Do some sanity checking
    raise UnspecifiedSourceCurrency unless defined?(@currency)
    raise UnsupportedDestinationCurrency unless CONVERSION_TABLE.key?(destination_currency)

    # Do the actual conversion, and round for sanity, though a better
    # option would be to use BigDecimal which is more suited to handling money
    result = (self * CONVERSION_TABLE[@currency][destination_currency]).round(2)

    # note that this is setting @currency through the accessor that
    # was created by calling `attr_accessor :currency` above
    result.currency = destination_currency
    result
  end
end

class Numeric
  # Take all the functionality from Currency and mix it into Numeric
  # 
  # Normally this would help us encapsulate, but right now it's just making
  # for cleaner reading. My original example contained more encapsulation
  # that avoided littering the Numeric clas, but it's harder for a beginner
  # to understand. For now, just start here and you will learn more later.
  include Currency
end

p 5.euros.to(:dollars)                #=> 6.67
p 0.25.dollars.to(:euro)              #=> 0.19
p 1.dollar.to(:euros).to(:dollar)     #=> 1.0

答案 2 :(得分:3)

这比计算问题更像是一个数学问题。

每个@@currencies哈希值都标准化为“美元”:它们的单位是日元/美元欧元/美元卢比/元。对于5.euro.in(:yen),您只需要将欧元/美元除以 yen / dollar 来表示日元为欧元的答案。

要使用Ruby计算此值,请保持method_missing方法不变,并更新类常量以包含'dollar' => 1。使用单行计算添加Numeric#in方法来解决此问题。该计算需要以正确的顺序将除法应用于浮点数。

对于5.euro.in(:yen)示例,请记住首先计算 5.euro ,但其单位为 euro / dollar 。接下来的 in(:yen)方法必须应用于此数字的倒数。这将给出一个单位为 yen / euro 的数字,这是你想要的结果的倒数。

答案 3 :(得分:2)

您是不是只定义了一个名为in的方法,该方法将符号参数发送回self

irb(main):057:0> 5.dollar.in(:euro)
=> 6.46
irb(main):065:0> 5.euro.in(:dollar)
=> 6.46 # Which is wrong, by the way

所以,不完全是因为你不知道目前的金额是多少 - 你的method_missing假定一切都是美元,即使它不是。

这就是money gem:)

的原因

答案 4 :(得分:1)

不是在这里使用method_missing,而是更容易迭代每种货币,并为他们委派转换方法定义单数和复数方法。

为了方便起见,我假设你在这里有ActiveSupport。你可以在没有这个的情况下做任何事情,但像constantize和关注点这样的事情会让事情变得更容易。

module DavesMoney
  class BaseMoney
    # your implementation
  end

  class DollarConverter < BaseMoney
    def initialize(value)
      @value = value
    end

    def to(:currency)
      # implemented in `BaseMoney` that gets extended (or included)
    end
  end
end

module CurrencyExtension
  extend ActiveSupport::Concern

  SUPPORTED_CURRENCIES = %w{ dollar yen euro rupee }

  included do
    SUPPORTED_CURRENCIES.each do |currency|
      define_method :"#{currency}" do
        return "#{currency}_converter".constantize.new(self)
      end
      alias :"#{currency.pluralize}" :"#{currency}"
    end
  end
end

# extension
class Numeric
  include CurrencyExtension
end

答案 5 :(得分:1)

我的方法是基于接受所提出的问题的限制(在Numeric上扩展method_missing实现,即使@coreyward表明这对任何事情来说都是错误的方法一个家庭作业问题)如下:

了解5.euros.in(:yen)可以转换为:

eur = 5.send(:euros)
eur.send( :in, yen )

基本上发生的是我们将欧元消息发送到数字5,然后将in方法发送到5.euros的数字结果,参数为:yen。

在method_missing中,您应该回复euros来电,并返回欧元转换成美元的结果,然后(也在method_missing中)回复in调用并转换结果美元(从前一次调用)到作为参数传递给in调用的符号。这将返回正确的值。

当然,只要你的转换因子是正确的,你就可以兑换成你想要的任何货币 - 对于这个特殊问题,转换成美元/从美元转换似乎是最明智的。

答案 6 :(得分:1)

我也在做这个课程,我看到了一些如何完成任务的例子。在某些时候提到了self.send,我相信其他人也实现了这一点,但我发现这个解决方案对我有用:

https://gist.github.com/2065412

答案 7 :(得分:0)

这就是我做的......

http://pastebin.com/DpE8VAH4


    class Numeric
      @@currencies = {'yen' => 0.013, 'euro' => 1.292, 'rupee' => 0.019, 'dollar' => 1}
      def method_missing(method, *arg)
        singular_currency = method.to_s.gsub(/s$/,'')
        if @@currencies.has_key?(singular_currency)
          self * @@currencies[singular_currency]
        else
          super
        end
      end
      def in(arg)
        singular_currency = arg.to_s.gsub(/s$/,'')
        if @@currencies.has_key?(singular_currency)
          self * @@currencies[singular_currency]
        end
      end
    end

    puts "5.euro = "+5.euro.to_s
    puts "5.euros = "+5.euros.to_s
    puts "5.dollars.in(:euros) = "+5.dollars.in(:euros).to_s
    puts "10.euros.in(:rupees) = "+10.euros.in(:rupees).to_s
  • 将“'dollar'=&gt; 1”添加到货币
  • 在method_missing方法中添加一个新参数“,* args”
  • 将新方法“in(arg)”添加到Numeric类
  • 此方法将self乘以参数“arg”
  • 指定的货币

答案 8 :(得分:0)

首先,安装我的单位库:gem install sy。然后,定义:

require 'sy'
Money = SY::Quantity.dimensionless      #=> #<Quantity:Money>
USD = SY::Unit.standard of: Money       #=> #<Unit:USD of Money >
YEN = SY::Unit.of Money, amount: 0.013  #=> #<Unit:YEN of Money >
EUR = SY::Unit.of Money, amount: 1.292  #=> #<Unit:EUR of Money >
INR = SY::Unit.of Money, amount: 0.019  #=> #<Unit:INR of Money >

现在你可以计算:

10 * 10.usd => #<Magnitude: 100 >
100.yen.in :usd #=> #<Magnitude: 1.3 >
1.eur + 1.usd #=> #<Magnitude: 2.29 >

您还可以定义

CENT = SY::Unit.of Money, amount: 0.01.usd
EUROCENT = SY::Unit.of Money, amount: 0.01.eur

然后

12.usd + 90.cent #=> #<Magnitude: 12.9 >